RF Timestamp Verification Against GNSS Spoofing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current timing synchronization methods, such as GNSS signals, are vulnerable to spoofing and meaconing attacks, and Network Time Protocol (NTP) lacks the accuracy required for critical applications, necessitating a reliable time verification and monitoring solution.

Innovation Solution

A method that generates a data signal with a timestamp by combining internal and external time information from a digital representation of a radio frequency signal, allowing for authenticity verification to detect spoofing and meaconing, using an electronic circuitry with an RF front end and a data controller to create a trusted timestamp for secure time synchronization.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If GNSS signals are used for time synchronization, then time accuracy is improved (nanosecond level), but vulnerability to spoofing and meaconing attacks increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetime accuracyVSAvoidsecurity against spoofing and meaconing
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an authentication server as an intermediary between the GNSS receiver and the time synchronization application. The server verifies the authenticity of GNSS signals before using them for time synchronization, thereby maintaining nanosecond-level accuracy while protecting against spoofing and meaconing attacks through centralized authentication.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements feedback mechanisms where the authentication server continuously monitors and verifies GNSS signal authenticity. The server provides feedback about signal validity to the receiver, enabling dynamic adjustment of time synchronization based on real-time security assessments, thus maintaining both accuracy and security.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Ease of operation

If NTP is used for time synchronization, then ease of operation is improved, but time accuracy deteriorates (tens of milliseconds)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesimplicity of time synchronizationVSAvoidtime accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the simplicity of NTP with the accuracy of GNSS by combining both systems. The authentication server integrates NTP's client-server architecture with GNSS's nanosecond-level timing, allowing straightforward operation while achieving high accuracy through the synergistic combination of both technologies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If protected GNSS signals with encryption are used, then security against spoofing is improved, but device complexity increases due to keying procedures and protection mechanisms

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecurity against spoofingVSAvoidkeying procedures and protection mechanisms
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The authentication server acts as an intermediary that handles the complex keying procedures and encryption verification. Instead of implementing these complex security mechanisms directly in the receiver, the system outsources them to a centralized server, thereby maintaining strong security while significantly reducing device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP4001968A1Method for generating a verifiable data signal comprising a timestamp
Publication Date: 2022.05.25 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP4001968A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4001968A1 patent drawingFigure 2a~3
  • EP4001968A1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

Method (100) for generating a data signal comprising a timestamp (DSTS), the method comprising the following steps: providing (110) a digital representation of a radio frequency data signal (DS); providing (120) one or more internal time information (IT) by use of one or more internal time sources (12); combining (130) the digital representation of the RF data signal and at least one internal time information of the one or more time sources to obtain the data signal comprising the timestamp comprising the internal time information; and verifying (140) the data signal based on the internal time information.