RFID Token Identification with Energy Accumulation and Burst Timing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing RFID systems face challenges in accurately identifying a large number of tags in high-density environments due to data collisions when multiple tags are energized simultaneously, as seen in applications like casino gaming tokens, where nearly simultaneous responses swamp the receiving system.
Innovation Solution
An object excitation circuit with a driving coil emits an alternating magnetic flux field to charge a capacitor in each token, generating a burst of identifying data with unique serial numbers, processed and displayed by a data processing system, minimizing collisions by varying the energy acquisition rate and timing of data bursts.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If multiple RFID tags are energized simultaneously to enable parallel identification, then identification speed is improved, but data collisions increase causing system swamping
Solution Approach 1:
The system employs periodic action by implementing a structured two-phase protocol: a query phase where the reader energizes multiple tags simultaneously, followed by a response phase where tags transmit their data sequentially or in controlled bursts. This periodic structure allows parallel energizing to maintain high productivity while preventing data collisions through time-separated responses.
Solution Approach 2:
The system applies preliminary action by having the reader transmit a query signal that energizes all target tags before any data transmission occurs. This preliminary energizing phase prepares all tags simultaneously, and subsequent data transmission is then coordinated to avoid collisions, thus maintaining high identification speed while preventing data conflicts.
2Use of energy by moving object
If continuous energizing is used to power RFID tags, then energy availability is improved, but data collision probability increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses periodic action by implementing intermittent energizing cycles rather than continuous energizing. Tags are energized in controlled bursts, accumulate energy during off-periods, and transmit data during active periods. This periodic pattern ensures adequate energy availability while creating time windows that prevent data collisions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system applies preliminary action by allowing tags to accumulate energy in advance during non-transmission periods. Tags charge their internal energy stores when not transmitting, so when transmission is needed, sufficient energy is already available without requiring continuous energizing, thus reducing collision probability.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If short-duration energizing is applied to RFID tags, then data collision is reduced, but energy accumulation for data transmission is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies preliminary action by implementing an energy accumulation phase before data transmission. Tags are energized in advance to build up sufficient energy reserves, then transmit their data in short bursts when energy is adequate. This preliminary energy buildup allows short-duration transmission windows that minimize collisions while ensuring sufficient energy for successful data transmission.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses periodic action by creating alternating cycles of energy accumulation and data transmission. During accumulation phases, tags charge their energy stores without transmitting data. During transmission phases, tags send their data in controlled bursts. This periodic alternation ensures adequate energy accumulation while maintaining short transmission windows to reduce data collisions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for accurate identification of multiple tokens in a short time frame with minimal collisions, enabling effective tracking and counterfeiting prevention in casino environments and other high-density RFID applications.
Implementation Method 1
at least one driving coil configured to emit an alternating magnetic flux field. An object circuit in each token is configured such as to generate electrical energy from alternating magnetic flux passing through a receiving coil
Implementation Method 2
Such electrical energy received by each token thus charges a capacitor to a given minimum voltage capable of operating a radio frequency transmitter
Data Source
AI summary
Systems suitable for RFID identification of at least one object among a population of objects in a high-density object environment using low levels of power generated through electromagnetic induction. A technique is demonstrated whereby energy is accumulated over a period with semi-random and protracted times of transmission to avoid excessive data collisions. Identification of casino tokens or other tagged objects is accomplished through unique serial numbers maintained in a central database. Various methods of electromagnetic excitation assure that randomly placed objects will be reported regardless of orientation or driving energy received.