Rh Phosphide Catalyst Gas Phase Hydroformylation Selectivity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hydroformylation processes in the gas phase face challenges in achieving good yield and selectivity for oxoaldehydes while minimizing the formation of by-products, particularly alkanes.
Innovation Solution
A process using a heterogeneous catalyst with Rh or Co phosphide as the catalytically active component, operated at elevated temperatures and pressures, with a controlled H2/CO ratio and in the presence of a support or promoters, to hydroformylate olefins and alkynes, producing C3 to C19 aldehydes and alcohols with minimal by-product formation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional hydroformylation catalysts are used in the gas phase, then the reaction can proceed, but the yield and selectivity for oxoaldehydes are insufficient and by-products like alkanes are formed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the catalyst by using Rh or Co phosphide compounds instead of conventional metal carbide or nitride catalysts. This parameter change in catalyst composition enables improved yield and selectivity for oxoaldehydes while reducing unwanted by-product formation in gas-phase hydroformylation reactions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite catalyst materials consisting of Rh or Co phosphide compounds, which combine the catalytic activity of transition metals with the beneficial properties of phosphide structures. This composite approach enhances both productivity and selectivity while minimizing harmful by-products
2Productivity
If elevated pressure and temperature are used to improve reaction rate, then productivity increases, but the formation of unwanted by-products increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the H2/CO ratio parameter in the reactant mixture to control the selectivity of the reaction. By adjusting this compositional parameter, the process achieves high reaction rates at elevated temperatures and pressures while minimizing the formation of unwanted by-products through improved reaction pathway control
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process achieves high yield and selectivity for C3 to C19 aldehydes and alcohols, effectively reducing the formation of unwanted by-products like alkanes, thereby optimizing the hydroformylation reaction.
Implementation Method 1
a heterogeneous catalyst with a catalytically active component comprising phosphide as the catalytically active component... the phosphide of one or more metals selected from the group Co, Rh is used as the catalytically active component
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to a process for the production of C3 to C19 aldehydes and/or alcohols by the hydroformylation of olefins and alkynes in the gas phase with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide over a heterogeneous catalyst at a temperature of 80–250 °C and a pressure of 1.5–50 bar above atmospheric pressure. The heterogeneous catalyst comprises a catalytically active component, wherein the catalytically active component is rh- or co-phosphide or mixtures of the two, preferably rh-phosphide. The hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixture has an H₂/CO ratio of 0.1–1.