Rhodopsin Mapping for Retinal Photoreceptor Imaging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods are inadequate for quantitatively assessing the function and structure of photoreceptors in vivo, which is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring retinal degenerative disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
Innovation Solution
The use of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) apparatus with near-infrared and visible light sources, integrated with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, to image rhodopsin in the retina, allowing for three-dimensional imaging and quantification of rhodopsin concentration and distribution by capturing images in dark and light environments.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional imaging techniques (OCT, SLO, fundus photography) are used, then retinal structure imaging is achieved, but quantitative assessment of photoreceptor function is not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines OCT structural imaging capability with fundus reflectometry functional assessment into a single integrated system. The OCT apparatus is modified to include visible light sources (400-700nm) in addition to near-infrared sources, enabling simultaneous acquisition of structural and functional data from the same retinal region, thereby achieving quantitative photoreceptor function assessment without sacrificing diagnostic productivity
Solution Approach 2:
The imaging system is designed to perform multiple functions: structural imaging via OCT using near-infrared light, functional assessment via fundus reflectometry using visible light, and rhodopsin concentration measurement. This multi-functional approach allows a single device to provide comprehensive retinal evaluation, improving measurement precision while maintaining efficiency
2Measurement precision
If fundus reflectometry is used to assess rhodopsin concentration, then photoreceptor function measurement is achieved, but three-dimensional structural information is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges fundus reflectometry (which provides rhodopsin concentration data) with OCT imaging (which provides three-dimensional structural information) into a single integrated platform. By using multiple light sources and detectors that operate simultaneously, the system recovers both the functional measurement capability and the structural information that would otherwise be lost
Solution Approach 2:
The patent adds the functional dimension (rhodopsin absorption spectra) to the existing structural dimension (OCT cross-sectional images). The visible light source enables measurement of light absorption at different wavelengths, creating a spectral dimension that provides quantitative rhodopsin information while the OCT component maintains the spatial three-dimensional structure
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple light sources are added to OCT apparatus, then rhodopsin imaging capability is achieved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The OCT apparatus is modified to serve multiple functions: near-infrared light sources perform structural imaging, while added visible light sources perform functional assessment. By making the system universal, the added complexity is justified by the significant gain in adaptability and diagnostic capability
Solution Approach 2:
The imaging system is segmented into functional modules: OCT imaging module with near-infrared sources, fundus reflectometry module with visible light sources, and integrated detection system. This modular segmentation allows the complex system to be managed as separate functional units that can be independently optimized and maintained
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides a quantitative assessment of the structure and function of retinal photoreceptors, enabling effective diagnosis, disease staging, and monitoring of retinal degenerative disorders, including hereditary retinal degeneration and age-related macular degeneration.
Implementation Method 1
a second source providing light with visible (VIS) wavelengths sufficient to activate optical absorption of photosensitive molecules of the retina
Implementation Method 2
collecting three-dimensional images of the retina... using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) apparatus
Implementation Method 3
the SLO comprises a plurality of parallel optical fibers by which the incident laser source is split, the optical fibers illuminating pulsed laser spots onto the sample retina
Data Source
AI summary
The subject invention provides novel apparatuses and methods for assessing the structure and function of photoreceptors in retina. In a specific embodiment, the assessment is accomplished by imaging rhodopsin, pigmented protein responsible for initiating vision acquisition of the eye, in living subjects. Advantageously, the technologies provided herein can be used for clinical evaluation of retinal photoreceptors for diagnosis, disease staging and follow-up, and outcome measurement for clinical trials of retinal degenerative disorders, including, for example, hereditary retinal degeneration and age-related macular degeneration.