Rigid Waveguide Choke Flange for Low-Loss Satellite Deployment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems for feeding high-frequency waves to deployment structures on artificial satellites face issues with high-frequency loss and resistance noise, particularly due to the use of flexible waveguides, which introduce resistive torque and complexity in design and deployment mechanisms.

Innovation Solution

A high-frequency wave feeding system utilizing a choke flange with a non-circular curved groove is employed, which reduces signal loss by converting impedance effectively and minimizing resistance noise, allowing for a simple and low-loss deployment mechanism using rigid waveguides without flexible feeders.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If flexible waveguides are used in deployment portions, then the waveguide can be bent and deployed, but RF loss increases and resistive torque is generated

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovedeployabilityVSAvoidRF loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The waveguide system is divided into two distinct segments: a rigid waveguide for high-frequency signal transmission and a separate hinge mechanism for deployment. This segmentation allows each component to optimize its function without compromise - the rigid waveguide minimizes RF loss while the hinge provides deployability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The deployment function is extracted from the waveguide itself and implemented through a separate hinge mechanism. This removes the source of RF loss and resistive torque from the signal path, as the hinge no longer needs to be electrically connected or flexible for signal transmission purposes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Loss of energy

If rigid waveguide with hinge mechanism is used, then RF loss is reduced, but machine accuracy for fitting and torque control become problematic

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveRF lossVSAvoidfitting accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The hinge mechanism uses simple, easily manufacturable components with standardized fitting features. Rather than requiring high-precision custom-fitted connections, the design employs robust, tolerance-friendly joining methods that are simpler and more reliable to manufacture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of trying to achieve precise fitting through complex machining, the design inverts the approach by using feature-based alignment (convex-concave or pin-hole portions) that naturally guide assembly and compensate for manufacturing tolerances.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

3Ease of operation

If rotary joint is used for high-frequency coupling, then deployment is enabled, but mode conversion occurs and RF loss increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovedeployabilityVSAvoidRF loss at mode conversion
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The rotary joint and its associated mode conversion are completely removed from the system. Deployment is achieved through mechanical hinging of rigid waveguides rather than through rotational coupling that requires mode conversion, eliminating the source of RF loss at the interface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The electrical/EM field-based rotary joint mechanism is replaced with a purely mechanical hinge system for deployment. The rigid waveguide connections maintain stable electrical contact through mechanical means without requiring rotational symmetry or mode conversion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Reliability

If rotary joint with coaxial cable or circular waveguide is used, then high-frequency coupling is achieved, but mechanism complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehigh-frequency couplingVSAvoidmechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The complex rotary joint mechanism with coaxial cables or circular waveguides is extracted and removed. Instead, simple rigid waveguide sections are connected through basic hinge mechanisms, maintaining high-frequency coupling through direct waveguide interfaces rather than complex rotational assemblies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Rather than using a complex rotary joint to enable deployment, the system inverts the approach by using simple hinged rigid waveguides that achieve both deployment and stable high-frequency coupling without rotational symmetry requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves significant reduction in high-frequency signal loss and resistance noise, enabling efficient and accurate feeding of microwaves or millimeter waves to deployment structures with minimal mechanical complexity, suitable for satellite applications.

Implementation Method 1

A high-frequency wave feeding system utilizing a choke flange with a non-circular curved groove is employed, which reduces signal loss by converting impedance effectively and minimizing resistance noise

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectImpedance conversion: Electrical Impedance Tomography

Data Source

PatentEP3012903B1System for feeding high-frequency waves to deployment structure
Publication Date: 2021.03.31 JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY
  • EP3012903B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3012903B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3012903B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

Provided is a high-frequency wave feeding system capable of feeding microwaves with little loss and without addition of resistive noise, using a simple deployment mechanism. The system includes a first waveguide fixed to a first structure of a deployment structure and having a choke flange, and a second waveguide fixed to a second structure of the deployment structure and having a cover flange. When the deployment structure is in a deployed state, the choke flange and the cover flange face each other so that high-frequency waves are fed to the deployment structure via the first and second waveguides.