Ring Bus Topology for Agricultural Machine Control Unit Diagnostics

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing agricultural machine systems with CAN bus and power supply line structures face issues with slow addressing of control units, limited use in fast switching processes, and potential complete failure due to line interruptions, making rapid diagnostics and troubleshooting challenging.

Innovation Solution

Designing the CAN bus line and power supply line as a ring line with a two-way signal and message feed allows for simplified machine diagnostics and increased reliability, enabling continued operation and fault localization even in the event of line breaks or control unit failures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If a linear CAN bus structure is used, then the system is simple to implement, but the addressing speed is slow and fast switching processes are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaddressing speedVSAvoidbus structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent inverts the traditional linear CAN bus structure by implementing a ring-shaped bus topology. This inversion allows signals to propagate in both directions simultaneously, enabling parallel addressing of multiple control units and significantly improving addressing speed while maintaining manageable system complexity through standardized ring topology implementation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Reliability

If a linear CAN bus structure is used, then the system is easy to implement, but the system fails completely when a line interruption occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem reliabilityVSAvoidbus structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a ring-shaped CAN bus topology that provides redundant communication paths before failures occur. When a line interruption or control unit failure happens, signals can automatically route through the alternative path in the ring, ensuring continuous operation and improving system reliability while maintaining reasonable structural complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Difficulty of detecting and measuring

If a linear CAN bus structure is used, then the system has simple structure, but fault localization is difficult and troubleshooting is slow

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefault localization difficultyVSAvoidbus structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Difficulty of detecting and measuringVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The ring-shaped bus structure enables bidirectional signal propagation, allowing the system to send test signals from both directions to quickly identify fault locations. This inversion of the unidirectional linear structure provides automatic fault isolation capabilities, making fault localization straightforward while keeping the overall bus structure relatively simple

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Data Source

PatentEP3332624B1Agricultural machine and method for its operation
Publication Date: 2025.06.11 HORSCH MASCHINEN SE & CO KG
  • EP3332624B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3332624B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3332624B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An agricultural machine (10), in particular an agricultural spreading machine, and a method for operating such a machine (10) are disclosed. The machine (10) comprises at least one main control unit (36) for controlling and regulating a plurality of electrical control units (30), each of which is assigned to a functional unit (26). Various metering devices and/or actuators can be switched on and off and/or adjusted by means of the control units (30). Sensor data can also be acquired and/or electrical consumers switched or controlled. Optionally, current-carrying lines can also be switched and/or various electrical elements operated. The connection between the main control unit (36) and the plurality of control units (30) is a CAN bus system (34) and/or a power supply system (35). To improve machine diagnostics, orTo make this possible, it is provided that the connection of the CAN bus system (34) and/or the power supply system (35) is designed as a ring line (32), which ring line (32) is composed of a plurality of connecting lines (38), with each of which a two-sided feed of signals and/or messages from the main control unit (36) towards the plurality of control units (30) takes place.