RIS-Based IoT Data Transmission via Distance Grouping
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Solution Overview
Problem
In IoT networks, the fixed frame size in Frame Slotted ALOHA protocols leads to increased collision probability when the number of terminals exceeds time slots, resulting in reduced performance and wasted resources due to empty slots.
Innovation Solution
The method involves arranging reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) based on distance information from access points, grouping terminals, and using beamforming to transmit data through selected time slots, with the RIS reflecting data to the access point to avoid collisions and optimize data throughput.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If the number of terminals exceeds the number of time slots in a fixed frame, then the number of terminals can be supported, but the collision probability increases and performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the network into multiple groups based on distance from the access point, with each group having its own dedicated time slots. This segmentation allows multiple terminals to transmit simultaneously in different groups without collision, effectively supporting more terminals than the total number of time slots while maintaining reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a spatial dimension (distance-based grouping) to the traditional time-division multiplexing approach. By organizing terminals into groups based on their distance from the access point and assigning different time slots to different groups, the system transforms a one-dimensional time slot allocation into a two-dimensional structure (group × time slot), thereby supporting more terminals without increasing collision probability.
2Reliability
If the number of terminals is less than the number of slots in a frame, then collision is avoided, but the number of empty slots increases and time slots are wasted
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting terminals into distance-based groups with dedicated time slots, the system ensures that each active terminal group utilizes its assigned time slots fully. This eliminates empty slots because time slots are dynamically allocated to groups that actually have terminals to transmit, maintaining both collision avoidance and high efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of time slot allocation from fixed to dynamic based on the number of active terminals in each group. When fewer terminals are active, the system adjusts the number of active time slots accordingly, preventing wasted slots while maintaining collision avoidance through the distance-based grouping structure.
3Productivity
If multiple terminals transmit data simultaneously to the access point, then data throughput increases, but collision occurs and performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments terminals into distance-based groups and assigns dedicated time slots to each group. This allows multiple terminals within the same group to transmit simultaneously without collision, while different groups use different time slots. This segmentation enables high throughput by allowing parallel transmissions while maintaining reliability through spatial-temporal separation.
Solution Approach 2:
By introducing the spatial dimension (distance-based grouping) to time-division multiplexing, the system enables multiple terminals to transmit simultaneously in different spatial groups during different time slots. This dimensional extension allows throughput to scale with the number of groups while maintaining collision-free operation through the group-time slot mapping.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach mitigates collisions and improves data throughput by allowing multiple terminals to transmit without direct access point interference, enhancing efficiency even with a large number of terminals.
Implementation Method 1
the RIS reflecting data to the access point
Implementation Method 2
using beamforming to transmit data through selected time slots
Data Source
AI summary
There is provided a method for transmitting data. The method for transmitting data comprises arranging a plurality of RIS based on INFO message of an AP; grouping a plurality of terminals disposed within a predetermined distance from the RIS for each RIS based on distance information from the RIS; and when data is received in the RIS from at least one or more of the grouped terminals, transmitting the received data to the AP.