Robotic Joint Revision System for Precision Bone Preservation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional tools and approaches for joint revision surgery lack precision, leading to bone loss and complications due to limited visualization and inaccurate debonding of prosthetic implants from bone, especially in complex procedures like hip and knee revisions.
Innovation Solution
A robotic joint revision system with a robotic arm that uses specialized surgical tools and navigation based on 2D and 3D medical imaging data to perform precise surgical steps, minimizing bone loss and tissue damage by guiding tools with high accuracy and precision.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional handheld tools are used for debonding prosthetic implants, then the procedure can be performed with simple equipment, but precision and accuracy are limited leading to bone loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional handheld mechanical tools with a robotic system that uses image-guided navigation and computer-controlled actuation. The robotic arm with specialized end effectors provides precise, programmable motion control for debonding and removing prosthetic implants, eliminating the imprecision of manual tool operation while maintaining procedural capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The system creates a virtual 3D model of the patient's anatomy and implant based on preoperative imaging data (CT, MRI, or X-ray). This digital copy is used for surgical planning and real-time navigation, allowing the surgeon to visualize and plan the precise trajectory and depth for tool insertion without repeatedly consulting physical imaging records.
2Measurement precision
If conventional visualization methods are used, then the surgical setup remains simple, but the ability to visualize inside the intramedullary canal is limited decreasing precision
Solution Approach 1:
The system creates a virtual 3D model of the patient's anatomy and implant based on preoperative imaging data (CT, MRI, or X-ray). This digital copy is used for surgical planning and real-time navigation, allowing the surgeon to visualize and plan the precise trajectory and depth for tool insertion without repeatedly consulting physical imaging records.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an image-guided navigation system that acts as an intermediary between the surgeon and the surgical field. Real-time imaging data is processed and displayed on a monitor, providing enhanced visualization of internal structures without requiring direct line-of-sight visualization through the surgical site.
3Reliability
If conventional mallet strikes are used for debonding, then the procedure can be performed quickly, but the inconsistent force leads to bone cortex breaking and loss of bone integrity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional handheld mechanical tools with a robotic system that uses image-guided navigation and computer-controlled actuation. The robotic arm with specialized end effectors provides precise, programmable motion control for debonding and removing prosthetic implants, eliminating the imprecision of manual tool operation while maintaining procedural capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The robotic system performs debonding through controlled, periodic motions rather than random mallet strikes. The system can apply force in controlled increments or oscillating patterns, allowing the cement-implant interface to gradually separate without sudden impacts that could fracture the bone cortex.
4Measurement precision
If multiplane fluoroscopy is used to guide trajectory, then real-time guidance is provided, but the procedure becomes slow due to resistance from the metal stem
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs comprehensive surgical planning and trajectory calculation before the actual debonding procedure begins. Preoperative imaging data is processed to create a 3D model, and the optimal tool path is determined in advance, allowing the robotic system to execute pre-planned motions without real-time decision delays.
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for prosthetic implant revision surgery may include a robot having a robotic arm for attaching multiple surgical tools. The robot may generate a surgical plan for attaching the surgical tools to the robotic am (e.g., a large diameter wheel, an in-line cutting tip, a posterior curved cradle, a reciprocal saw, a long burr, a trephine reamer, an osteotome, a keel remover, etc.) and performing the steps to remove an anterior flange/cap of a prosthetic knee and debond cement from bone within the intramedullary canal of a tibia or femur. The robot may include cameras and/or tracking devices for mapping/generating a three-dimensional model of an operating space and the implant, and determine precise planes and angles for approaching the implant with the surgical tools. Accordingly, the systems and methods may perform revision surgery with less bone loss than previous techniques and may result in more reproducible outcomes.