Robotic Knee Revision Surgery Using 3D Modeling
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Solution Overview
Problem
In implant revision surgeries, the removal of existing implants often damages the bone, leading to precision issues during the placement of new implants due to altered or removed bone landmarks.
Innovation Solution
The use of a robotic surgical device that assists in measurements, acts as a cut guide, autonomously makes cuts, and provides force assistance during the removal of existing implants and the placement of new ones, utilizing 3D modeling and optical navigation for precise planning and execution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional cutting blocks and bone landmarks are used for implant removal, then the surgical process is simple and quick, but precision is lost due to damaged or removed bone landmarks
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs pre-operative planning and creates a 3D model of the patient's anatomy and existing implant before surgery. This preliminary action allows the robotic system to know exactly where to cut and how to position the new implant, compensating for the loss of bone landmarks during implant removal.
Solution Approach 2:
The system creates a digital 3D copy of the patient's anatomy and existing implant configuration. This digital model serves as a reference throughout the surgery, allowing the robotic system to maintain precision even when physical bone landmarks are damaged or removed during the procedure.
2Manufacturing precision
If robotic surgical devices are used to maintain precision, then implant placement accuracy improves, but the surgical system becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The robotic system acts as an intermediary between the surgeon's intent and the actual bone cutting/implant placement actions. It translates the pre-operative plan into precise physical actions, maintaining accuracy even when bone landmarks are compromised, while the surgeon maintains overall control and decision-making authority.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses optical tracking and registration to continuously monitor the position of surgical tools and the patient's anatomy during the procedure. This feedback loop allows the robotic system to adjust for any deviations and maintain precision throughout the surgery, providing real-time verification that the procedure is following the planned trajectory.
3Productivity
If force is applied to remove existing implants, then implant removal is achieved, but bone damage increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system plans the exact cutting path and removal strategy before surgery begins. By pre-defining where to cut and how to extract the implant, the system can remove implants efficiently while minimizing unnecessary force application and avoiding damage to surrounding healthy bone tissue.
Solution Approach 2:
The robotic system applies force and cutting actions only at the specific locations where the implant is bonded to the bone, rather than applying general force that could damage surrounding areas. The cutting tool is precisely positioned to separate the implant from the bone at the interface, leaving healthy bone surfaces intact for new implant placement.
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods may be used for performing a robotic revision knee arthroplasty. For example, a robotic surgical device may be used to perform a cut. The cut may be planned to remove an existing implant based on information about the existing implant (e.g., reference points on the existing implant, an implant type, a maker of the implant, degradation information about the implant, a failure reason for the implant, or the like). In an example, a new plan may be developed for a new implant to replace the existing implant.