Robotic Osteotomy Guidance With Depth Limits and Neuromonitoring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current robotic surgical systems are expensive, require extensive preoperative planning, obstruct the surgeon's view, are non-intuitive, prone to malfunction, and pose risks due to inaccurate screw placement and spinal maneuvering, particularly in neurosurgery and spinal surgery.
Innovation Solution
A robotic surgical system with a surgical instrument guide, neuromonitoring, and navigation markers to ensure precise instrument placement and prevent deep insertion, integrated with a mobile cart for enhanced maneuverability and reduced clutter, allowing for real-time neuromonitoring and trajectory control.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If robotic systems are used to improve surgical precision, then manufacturing precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The robotic surgical system is divided into separate functional modules: a mobile cart for positioning, a robotic arm for manipulation, an end effector for surgical operations, and a navigation system for guidance. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently while reducing overall system complexity and improving surgical precision through specialized functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
A navigation system with markers and tracking technology serves as an intermediary between the surgeon's intentions and the robotic system's actions. This intermediary provides real-time feedback and guidance, enabling precise instrument placement while simplifying the operator interface and reducing the complexity of direct manual control.
2Manufacturing precision
If robotic systems require extensive preoperative planning, then manufacturing precision is improved, but loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary actions by pre-positioning the mobile cart and robotic arm outside the operating room, preparing navigation markers and trajectories before surgery begins. This allows extensive planning to be completed in advance, reducing intraoperative preparation time while maintaining high surgical precision through pre-calculated instrument paths.
3Manufacturing precision
If robotic systems are physically intrusive, then manufacturing precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The robotic system employs dynamic positioning capabilities, allowing the mobile cart and robotic arm to be repositioned freely around the operating table during surgery. This dynamic adaptability reduces physical intrusiveness and improves surgeon accessibility while maintaining precision through real-time navigation and control adjustments.
4Manufacturing precision
If robotic systems lack intuitive control, then manufacturing precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system incorporates real-time feedback through the navigation system, which provides continuous visual and positional information to the operator. This feedback loop enables intuitive control by showing the surgeon exactly where instruments are positioned and how they will move, bridging the gap between complex robotic mechanisms and simple user interaction while maintaining high precision.
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosed technology relates to robotic surgical systems for improving surgical procedures. In certain embodiments, the disclosed technology relates to robotic surgical systems for use in osteotomy procedures in which bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change alignment of a bone structure. The osteotome, an instrument for removing parts of the vertebra, is guided by the surgical instrument guide which is held by the robot. In certain embodiments, the robot moves only in the “locked” plane (one of the two which create the wedge—i.e., the portion of the bone resected during the osteotomy). In certain embodiments, the robot shall prevent the osteotome (or other surgical instrument) from getting too deep/beyond the tip of the wedge. In certain embodiments, the robotic surgical system is integrated with neuromonitoring to prevent damage to the nervous system.