Robotic Posterior Resection Guide Positioning for Partial Knee Arthroplasty
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional partial knee arthroplasties face challenges in maintaining proper gap height and alignment during resections due to the need for multiple instruments, which complicates surgeries and is unsuitable for robot-assisted procedures.
Innovation Solution
The use of robotic surgery planning software, surgical navigation systems, shims, and robotically-guided femur and tibia cut guide blocks to facilitate precise positioning of posterior resection guides, allowing for gap height control and alignment through methods such as digitizing the position of a robotically-controlled posterior resection guide.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If multiple instruments are used for different resections in traditional partial knee arthroplasties, then proper gap height and alignment can be maintained, but surgical complexity and procedure time increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple resection guide functions into a single integrated robotically-controlled posterior resection guide. This guide can perform distal femur resection, proximal tibia resection, and posterior resection operations, eliminating the need for multiple separate instruments while maintaining precise gap height control through robotic positioning.
Solution Approach 2:
The robotically-controlled posterior resection guide is designed as a universal instrument that can perform multiple resection operations (distal femur, proximal tibia, posterior) through a single device. The guide incorporates multi-functional capabilities including cutting guide surfaces, alignment features, and robotic integration, replacing the need for several specialized instruments.
2Manufacturing precision
If multiple instruments are attached to robotic surgical arm, then comprehensive resection guidance is achieved, but registration complexity and procedure time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple registration requirements into a single registration process for the robotically-controlled posterior resection guide. By integrating all resection guide functions into one instrument, the system requires only one registration operation instead of multiple separate registrations for different instruments, significantly reducing registration time while maintaining alignment precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The robotically-controlled posterior resection guide incorporates pre-programmed resection planes and alignment parameters that are established before the surgical procedure. The guide includes pre-configured cutting guide surfaces and registration features that enable rapid setup and eliminate the need for complex intraoperative registration of multiple instruments.
3Manufacturing precision
If conventional cutting guides are used for distal and posterior femur resections, then resection guidance is provided, but gap height maintenance becomes difficult when instruments are exchanged
Solution Approach 1:
The robotically-controlled posterior resection guide combines distal femur resection guidance, proximal tibia resection guidance, and posterior resection guidance into a single integrated structure. This unified guide maintains consistent gap height control throughout all resection operations by providing continuous mechanical support and alignment references, eliminating the gap height instability that occurs when multiple separate guides are exchanged.
Data Source
AI summary
A method of positioning posterior resection guides in a three-dimensional coordinate system using robotic arms to perform partial knee arthroplasties comprises connecting a first tracking device for a surgical tracking system of the robotic arm to a femur, connecting a second tracking device for the surgical tracking system of the robotic arm to a tibia, manually positioning the tibia relative to the femur to a desired orientation to perform a posterior resection, manually determining a position for the posterior resection guide to perform the posterior resection, digitizing a reference point for the posterior resection guide in the three-dimensional coordinate system for a location of a feature of the posterior resection guide, moving the posterior resection guide to the location in the three-dimensional coordinate system with the robotic arm, and resecting a posterior portion of a condyle of the femur using the posterior resection guide to guide a cutting instrument.