Robotic Surgery System for Flexible Intraoperative Imaging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional fluoroscopy systems for intraoperative imaging during surgical procedures are bulky, inflexible, and costly, making them unsuitable for efficient imaging in operating room settings where repositioning and reorientation of imaging hardware are often required, especially in tight spaces and for moving joints.

Innovation Solution

A robotic surgery system comprising a mobile base, a first robotic arm with a mounting fixture for a fluoroscopic imaging system, and a second repositionable element, controlled by a sensing system to maintain spatial alignment between the imaging elements, allowing for efficient and flexible intraoperative imaging.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If conventional fluoroscopy C-arm systems are used, then intraoperative imaging can be performed, but the systems are large, unwieldly, and require extensive repositioning in tight operating room spaces

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaging flexibilityVSAvoidhardware configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system divides the imaging functionality into separate modular components: a mobile base unit, a robotic arm mechanism, and interchangeable imaging attachments. This segmentation allows the system to be reconfigured for different imaging needs while maintaining a compact footprint in the operating room.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The robotic arm provides dynamic, motorized positioning capabilities that allow the imaging system to adapt its position and orientation automatically. This eliminates the need for manual repositioning of large C-arm systems and enables flexible imaging angles within a compact space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If imaging hardware is repositioned to capture additional views, then complete anatomical visualization is achieved, but time is lost and operational efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveanatomical visualizationVSAvoidrepositioning time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system pre-positions the imaging components using automated robotic control to capture multiple anatomical views in sequence. The robotic arm can rapidly transition between predetermined positions to obtain both antero/posterior and lateral views without requiring manual intervention or extensive reconfiguration time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The sensing system provides real-time feedback on the position and orientation of imaging elements relative to patient anatomy. This feedback loop enables automated adjustment and verification of imaging angles, ensuring complete anatomical visualization while minimizing the time required for positioning adjustments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Adaptability or versatility

If two robotic arms are used to maintain imaging relationship during joint movement, then dynamic imaging is achieved, but the cost of installation and maintenance becomes immense

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedynamic imaging capabilityVSAvoidinstallation cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The robotic arm is designed with universal mounting capabilities that allow it to perform both imaging functions and surgical tool functions. The same robotic mechanism can hold either imaging attachments or surgical instruments, eliminating the need for separate specialized systems and reducing overall installation and maintenance costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system merges the imaging system and surgical tool system into a single integrated robotic platform. By combining these functions into one versatile robotic arm with interchangeable attachments, the system achieves dynamic imaging capability during joint movement without requiring two separate robotic arms, thereby significantly reducing installation and maintenance costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Ease of operation

If portable imaging systems are used, then flexibility in operating room usage is improved, but imaging precision and stability may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveportabilityVSAvoidimaging accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces manual mechanical positioning with automated robotic control mechanisms. The robotic arm uses motorized actuators and sensing systems to achieve precise and stable positioning of the imaging elements, maintaining imaging accuracy despite the portable, mobile design of the overall system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient and flexible intraoperative imaging by allowing precise repositioning and reorientation of imaging elements relative to the patient anatomy, reducing the need for extensive reconfiguration and minimizing the footprint in the operating room, thereby improving imaging quality and operational efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

a sensing system configured to detect motion of one or more sensor elements coupled to each of the first and second elements and determine a relative spatial positioning between each of the first and second elements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMotion detection:

Data Source

PatentEP3323346B1System for image-based robotic surgery
Publication Date: 2022.04.27 MAKO SURGICAL CORP
  • EP3323346B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3323346B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3323346B1 patent drawingFigure 2A

AI summary

A robotic surgery system includes a mobile base (48) configured to be movably coupled to the operating room; a first robotic arm (34) coupled to the mobile base and comprising a mounting fixture (50) configured to be interchangeably coupled to a surgical tool and a first element (24) of a fluoroscopic imaging system comprising a source element and a detector element; a second element (26) configured to be repositionable relative to a patient tissue structure that may be placed between the first and second elements; and a controller (74) operatively coupled to the first robotic arm, the controller configured to receive signals from a sensing system operatively coupled to the controller, the sensing system (80) configured to detect motion of one or more sensor elements coupled to each of the first and second elements of the fluoroscopic imaging system and determine a relative spatial positioning between each of the first and second elements.