Rock Mass Structure Detection Using 3D Laser Scanning and Stability Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current rock mass structure detection systems face issues with low precision, poor adaptability, complex operation, and limited applicability in high-dust and uneven illumination environments, failing to accurately identify three-dimensional structural features and predict geometric stability of complex block shapes in tunnel and underground engineering.
Innovation Solution
A system incorporating a rock mass structure automated detection device with three-dimensional laser scanning and two-dimensional image acquisition, coupled with a server-based block structure modeling and geometric stability analysis module, which constructs polygonal pyramid and frustum-shaped block models, integrates three-dimensional laser point cloud data with panoramic images, and analyzes stability using orthogonal coordinates, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional methods.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional contact measurement methods are used, then data acquisition can be performed within reachable range, but measurement precision is limited and operation complexity increases due to manual data collection and analysis
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual contact measurement methods with automated three-dimensional laser scanning technology. The laser scanning device automatically captures point cloud data of the rock mass structure, eliminating the need for manual measurement and data collection. This substitution of mechanical/manual operations with automated optical scanning significantly improves both measurement precision and reduces operation complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs self-service through automated data processing and analysis. The acquired point cloud data is automatically processed to identify structural faces, calculate block models, and assess geometric stability without requiring manual intervention. The system independently completes the entire workflow from data acquisition to stability analysis, reducing operational complexity while maintaining high precision.
2Reliability
If non-contact acquisition methods are used in high dust concentration environments, then safety is improved, but data acquisition precision deteriorates due to dust and gas interference
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from two-dimensional image-based detection to three-dimensional laser point cloud scanning. By adding the third dimension (depth/distance measurement via laser ranging), the system can accurately capture rock mass structure information even in high-dust environments where traditional optical methods fail. The laser technology measures distance based on time-of-flight or phase difference, which is less affected by dust particles compared to optical imaging.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the measurement parameter from optical intensity (image brightness) to time-of-flight or phase difference of laser waves. This parameter change makes the measurement less sensitive to dust and gas interference, as laser ranging depends on the speed of light and time measurement rather than optical clarity. The patent thus maintains measurement precision while improving safety in hazardous environments.
3Ease of operation
If traditional two-dimensional image analysis is used, then operation is simpler, but detection precision deteriorates due to inability to capture three-dimensional structural features
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from two-dimensional image analysis to three-dimensional point cloud processing. By utilizing the third dimension (depth information from laser ranging), the system can accurately identify structural faces and calculate block models in three-dimensional space. This dimensional enhancement improves detection precision while the automated processing algorithms maintain operational simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system creates a precise three-dimensional digital copy (point cloud model) of the actual rock mass structure. This digital replica allows for accurate identification of structural faces, calculation of block models, and stability analysis without requiring physical measurement. The copying approach maintains operational simplicity while dramatically improving detection precision through three-dimensional visualization and analysis.
4Ease of manufacture
If structural faces are assumed to extend infinitely, then block model construction is simpler, but reliability deteriorates as it does not conform to actual working conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the theoretical assumption of infinite structural face extension with actual measured data from three-dimensional laser scanning. By using the acquired point cloud data to determine the true extent and orientation of structural faces, the system constructs block models that reflect actual working conditions. This data-driven approach improves reliability while maintaining construction simplicity through automated processing.
5Productivity
If vector analysis method is used for triangular pyramid blocks, then calculation is more effective, but applicability deteriorates for special-shaped blocks producing multiple solutions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent develops a universal block model construction method that can handle various block shapes (triangular pyramids, special-shaped blocks, and complex geometries) through a unified three-dimensional approach. The method uses point cloud data to identify structural faces and construct blocks of any shape, then applies geometric stability analysis that works for all block types. This universal approach maintains calculation efficiency while significantly improving adaptability to different block shapes.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the analysis parameters from vector-based methods (effective only for simple shapes) to three-dimensional geometric parameters derived from point cloud data. By representing blocks in three-dimensional space with precise coordinates and structural face orientations, the system can calculate geometric stability for any block shape using a unified approach, maintaining efficiency while improving versatility.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enhances precision, adaptability, and safety by accurately identifying rock mass structures, predicting geometric stability, and improving detection efficiency, reducing manpower and time requirements while improving safety in hazardous environments.
Implementation Method 1
a three-dimensional laser scanning device and a two-dimensional image acquisition device for respectively acquiring three-dimensional laser point cloud data
Data Source
AI summary
A system and method for rock mass structure detection and dangerous rock detection including a rock mass structure automated detection device and a server. The rock mass structure automated detection device includes a three-dimensional laser scanning device and a two-dimensional image acquisition device for respectively acquiring three-dimensional laser point cloud data and a two-dimensional image of a tunnel construction region. The server communicates with the rock mass structure automated detection device and includes a block structure three-dimensional modeling module and a block structure geometric stability analysis module. By considering the influence of the same group of structural faces in a rock mass, the effect of a newly-generated structural face subjected to blasting disturbance, and the finite dimension of a structural face, blocks in shapes of polygonal pyramid and polygonal frustum can be constructed to comply with engineering practices, and the geometric stability of any polygonal pyramid can be rapidly analyzed.