Solid-State Li-Ion Battery With Rocksalt Anode for Ultrafast Charging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current lithium-ion batteries face challenges in achieving fast charging without sacrificing energy density or cycle life, particularly due to limitations in anode materials like graphite and lithium titanate, which struggle with high power density and rapid charging, leading to lithium plating and reduced safety.

Innovation Solution

A solid-state lithium-ion battery design featuring a lithium vanadium oxide anode with a disordered rocksalt structure, paired with a solid electrolyte and a nickel-rich cathode, enabling ultrafast charging and extended cycle life by preventing lithium plating and maintaining high energy density.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If graphite anode is used to achieve high energy density, then energy density is improved, but charging speed deteriorates due to lithium plating at high charging rates

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveenergy densityVSAvoidcharging speed

Core Design Contradiction:

Use of energy by moving objectVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the fundamental parameter of anode material from graphite to lithium titanate (LTO), which has a different electrochemical potential and crystal structure. This parameter change eliminates lithium plating at high charging rates while maintaining acceptable energy density, thereby resolving the contradiction between energy density and charging speed.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite material design by combining lithium titanate anode with high-voltage cathode materials and optimized electrolyte formulations. This composite approach enables the battery to achieve both fast charging capability and high energy density by synergistically combining the advantages of different materials.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If anode potential is raised to prevent lithium plating, then safety is improved, but energy density deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:

ImprovesafetyVSAvoidenergy density

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes the inherent electrochemical parameters of lithium titanate, which has a fixed potential of about 1.55V vs. Li/Li+. This parameter provides intrinsic safety by preventing lithium plating while the high-voltage cathode material compensates for the energy density loss, achieving both safety and high energy density simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of time

If fast charging is implemented to reduce charging time, then charging time is improved, but cycle life deteriorates due to lithium deposition

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecharging timeVSAvoidcycle life

Core Design Contradiction:

Loss of timeVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary anti-action by selecting lithium titanate as the anode material, which preemptively prevents lithium deposition and plating before they can occur during fast charging. This preventive measure eliminates the mechanism that would otherwise reduce cycle life, enabling both fast charging and long cycle life.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs lithium titanate, a material that can undergo extensive charge-discharge cycles without degradation. While LTO has lower energy density than graphite, its exceptional cycling stability and resistance to degradation make it ideal for applications requiring frequent fast charging, effectively treating the anode material as a durable, long-lasting component.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The battery achieves rapid charging to 100% in 3 minutes, maintains 80% capacity after 20,000 cycles, and operates within a wide temperature range, ensuring safety and efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

a disordered rocksalt anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectIntercalation:

Implementation Method 2

all-solid-state Li∥DRS-LVO cell

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectSolid-state ion conduction: Fast Ion Conductor

Data Source

PatentUS20250006912A1Solid-state lithium-ion batteries with long cycle life and ultrafast charging

Publication Date: 2025.01.02 TYFAST

AI summary

A solid-state lithium-ion battery with long cycle life and ultrafast charging is disclosed. The exceptional cycle life is enabled by an ultra-stable lithium vanadium oxide-based anode material, disordered rock salt Li3V2O5. This anode material has a working potential of ˜0.6 V versus Li/Li+, a 3D Li-ion transport pathway, and linear expansion less than 2%. These properties enable rapid lithium transport, eliminate lithium metal plating, and deliver extremely long cycle life. Furthermore, the use of a solid electrolyte such as Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6 provides high-rate capability and a wide operating temperature due to the absence of phase changes or concentration polarization in the electrode. The solid-state lithium-ion battery may be configured to provide over 5,000 cycles to 80% capacity, a 3-minute ultrafast charge time to 80% state of charge, an energy density exceeding 200 W·h/kg and 650 W·h/L, and a wide operating temperature range from −80° C. to 350° C.