Rogowski Current Transformer Phase Error Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for measuring alternating current using Rogowski coils face challenges such as frequency-dependent angle and amplitude errors, high circuit complexity, and crosstalk issues, which affect measurement accuracy and require complex and costly digital integration solutions.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a Rogowski coil that calculates a current prediction value by forming and extrapolating from sliding averages and sums of output voltage values, with offset correction using amplifiers and AD converters, to minimize phase errors and circuit complexity while maintaining measurement accuracy across a wide current range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If digital numerical integration using ASIC or FPGA is used, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement accuracyVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex digital integration circuits (ASIC/FPGA) with a simplified computational method implemented in a microcontroller. Instead of using dedicated hardware integration circuits, the invention uses software-based numerical integration algorithms that process the voltage signal from the Rogowski coil, thereby reducing hardware complexity while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Device complexity

If integration is carried out using an analog integrator, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to frequency-dependent errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit complexityVSAvoidangular error
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the integration method from analog to digital, allowing the integration parameters to be adjusted through software rather than fixed hardware characteristics. This enables the system to achieve accurate integration across different frequencies without the frequency-dependent errors inherent in analog integrators, while keeping the overall device complexity low through microcontroller implementation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If Rogowski coils are wound with sufficient precision to reduce crosstalk, then measurement precision is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement accuracyVSAvoidwinding process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the microcontroller monitors the voltage signal from the Rogowski coil and applies correction algorithms to compensate for crosstalk effects. This software-based compensation reduces the need for extremely precise manual winding, thereby improving ease of manufacture while maintaining measurement precision through active correction of manufacturing tolerances.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves a small phase error with relatively low circuit complexity, improving measurement accuracy and reducing crosstalk, thereby providing precise alternating current measurement with reduced circuit complexity and cost.

Implementation Method 1

If the Rogowski coil completely encloses a current conductor (current path) carrying alternating current, a voltage is generated as the output variable that is proportional to the first derivative of the alternating current over time

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3737951B1Method and device for measuring an alternating current with a rogowski current transformer
Publication Date: 2021.10.20 SIEMENS AG
  • EP3737951B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3737951B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3737951B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention relates to a method and a device (MD) comprising a Rogowski current transformer for measuring an alternating current (I(t)), which at a first time (t0) assumes a present current value (I(t0)), wherein the Rogowski coil (RC) generates a first analogue alternating voltage (Urc(t)), the digital voltage values (Uti) of which at a first time (t0) assume a present first voltage value (Ut0). In order to attain a low phase error over a large current measurement range, it is proposed that: each present first voltage value (Ut0) is added to a first sum value (S1i) and thus a present first sum value (S10) is formed; a first mean value (M10) is formed from the first sum values (S1i) following on from one another continuously, is subtracted from the present first sum value (S10), and thus a present second sum value (S20) is formed; a present second mean value (M20) is formed from the second sum values (S2i), is subtracted from the present second sum value (S20), and thus a present third sum value (S30) is formed; and a present prediction value (Vt1out) is calculated on the basis of present third sum values (S3i), and an analogue alternating voltage (Up2out (t), Ua(t)) is formed from the prediction values (Vtiout).