Grapevine Rootstock 9365-85 Nematode and Phylloxera Resistance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current grape rootstocks lack broad and durable resistance to nematodes, particularly in California vineyards, where high-value grapes and land value intensify nematode impacts, and existing pesticides are restricted, necessitating the development of nematode-resistant rootstocks that also provide resistance to grape phylloxera.
Innovation Solution
A new grapevine rootstock variety, '9365-85', resulting from a cross of 'L514-10' (Vitis rufotomentosa×(V. champinii 'Dog Ridge'×V. riparia 'Riparia Gloire'))×V. champinii 'c9038', exhibiting broad resistance to soil-borne nematodes including root-knot, dagger, lesion, and citrus nematodes, with moderate susceptibility to ring nematode and strong resistance to grape phylloxera, developed through a breeding program evaluating selections for nematode resistance and growth habits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If nematicides and fumigants are used to control nematodes, then nematode control effectiveness is improved, but environmental restrictions and future availability worsen due to persistent soil penetration requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The rootstock plant provides its own nematode resistance through genetic traits inherited from parent plants, eliminating the need for external chemical interventions. The resistance is inherent to the plant's biological system, allowing it to protect itself against nematode attacks without requiring pesticides that would need to penetrate and persist in the soil.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a biological intermediary (the resistant rootstock plant) that mediates between the soil environment and nematodes. Instead of using chemicals to directly combat nematodes, the resistant rootstock acts as a barrier that prevents nematode infestation, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for nematicides and fumigants.
2Reliability
If grape rootstocks are bred for phylloxera resistance, then phylloxera protection is improved, but nematode resistance worsens due to lack of selection for this trait
Solution Approach 1:
The selected rootstock plants possess multiple protective functions simultaneously: they provide resistance to both phylloxera and various nematode species. This multi-functionality allows a single rootstock variety to protect against multiple pests, eliminating the need for separate breeding programs for each pest and providing comprehensive protection in one package.
Solution Approach 2:
The resistant rootstock represents a composite genetic material that combines resistance traits from different parent plants. By crossing plants with specific resistance genes, the resulting rootstock integrates multiple protective characteristics, creating a genetically composite variety that resists both phylloxera and nematodes simultaneously.
3Reliability
If rootstocks with narrow genetic base are used for nematode resistance, then initial nematode resistance is improved, but long-term durability worsens due to evolution of adapted nematode strains
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the genetic parameter of the rootstock by selecting and crossing plants with diverse genetic backgrounds that possess different resistance mechanisms. This genetic diversity creates multiple barriers that nematodes would need to overcome simultaneously, making it much harder for nematode populations to evolve adaptive strains and ensuring long-term resistance durability.
Data Source
AI summary
Rootstock ‘9365-85’ is a cross of ‘L514-10’ (Vitis rufotomentosa×V. champinii ‘Dog Ridge’×V. riparia ‘Riparia Gloire’))×V. champinii ‘c9038’. This invention relates to a new and distinct variety of grapevine rootstock plant with resistance to a broad array of soil-borne nematodes including root-knot, dagger, lesion and citrus nematodes. The variety is moderately susceptible to ring nematode, but has strong resistance to grape phylloxera.