Rotatable Balloon Envelope for Solar Buoyancy Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

There is a need for reliable and efficient data connectivity in areas where traditional network infrastructure is unavailable, unreliable, or costly, particularly in regions with limited access to internet and cellular data networks.

Innovation Solution

A high-altitude balloon network is deployed in the stratosphere, utilizing a mesh configuration with balloons communicating via free-space optical and RF links, where buoyancy is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the gas within the balloon envelope through solar energy absorption, allowing for altitude adjustments and station-keeping to maintain network topology.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Area of stationary object

If traditional network infrastructure is deployed in remote areas, then data connectivity coverage is improved, but deployment cost and complexity increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork coverage areaVSAvoidinfrastructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The network infrastructure is segmented into multiple independent balloon nodes distributed across the stratosphere, each capable of autonomous operation and local routing. This replaces the need for continuous ground-based infrastructure with discrete, deployable units that can be independently managed and positioned.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The network is moved from the traditional ground-based two-dimensional deployment to a three-dimensional stratospheric platform at approximately 20 kilometers altitude. This dimensional shift enables coverage of remote and difficult-to-access areas without requiring physical ground infrastructure in those locations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Ease of manufacture

If hot air balloons are used for network deployment, then deployment cost is reduced, but altitude control precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeployment costVSAvoidaltitude control precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The balloon envelope incorporates dynamically adjustable solar absorptive panels that can rotate or reposition to control the amount of solar energy absorbed. This enables active altitude control by adjusting the balance between solar heating and cooling, allowing precise position maintenance despite using simple hot air balloon technology.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system controls altitude by changing the thermal parameters of the envelope through adjustable solar absorption. By varying the absorptive properties of the envelope surface, the system can precisely control the rate of heat gain from solar radiation, thereby maintaining desired altitude with minimal energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Use of energy by moving object

If solar energy absorption is used for altitude control, then energy consumption is reduced, but altitude adjustment speed deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy consumptionVSAvoidaltitude adjustment speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The solar absorptive panels can be periodically adjusted or repositioned to modulate energy absorption rates. This periodic control allows the system to respond to altitude deviations by adjusting solar absorption in cycles, achieving both energy efficiency and adequate response speed for maintaining network topology.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The system can preliminarily adjust solar absorption settings in anticipation of predicted altitude changes or network topology requirements. By pre-positioning the absorptive panels to optimal configurations, the system prepares for upcoming altitude adjustments, reducing the effective response time while maintaining energy efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The balloon network provides a robust and energy-efficient data connectivity solution, offering high-capacity links and adaptability to changing wind patterns and network demands, while minimizing interference with commercial air traffic and reducing energy consumption.

Implementation Method 1

buoyancy is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the gas within the balloon envelope through solar energy absorption

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolar energy absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

US 4,174,082 discloses a solar powered hot air balloon having an envelope with an opaque portion and a transparent portion so as to utilize solar heating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolar heating: Solar Energy

Implementation Method 3

adjusting the temperature of the gas within the balloon envelope... allowing for altitude adjustments

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 4

buoyancy is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the gas within the balloon envelope

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBuoyancy: Archimedes' Principle (Buoyancy)

Data Source

PatentEP2802512B1Altitude control via rotation of balloon to adjust balloon density
Publication Date: 2021.03.31 LOON LLC
  • EP2802512B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2802512B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2802512B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A balloon that includes an envelope with a gas contained within the envelope, as well as a payload connected to the envelope wherein the envelope has a first portion that has a first absorptive or reflective property with respect to allowing solar energy to be transferred to the gas within the envelope, and a second portion that has a second absorptive or reflective property with respect to allowing solar energy to be transferred to the gas within the envelope where the second absorptive or reflective property is different than the first absorptive or reflective property, and wherein the envelope is rotatable to allow a preferred ratio of the first and second portions of the envelope to be positioned facing the sun.