Rotating Power Transmission Fault Localization Without Band-Pass Filtering

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current vibration monitoring techniques for rotating mechanical power transmission devices, such as aircraft gears, face challenges in accurately localizing faults due to the reliance on band-pass filtering, which ignores significant information when multiple harmonics are present in the vibration signal, leading to imprecision and reduced reliability in fault detection.

Innovation Solution

A method that involves obtaining and optimizing signals modeled as a product of high and low frequency components using resampling and discrete Fourier transforms, allowing for precise estimation and separation of contributions from individual elements without band-pass filtering, enabling accurate fault detection and localization using a single sensor.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If band-pass filtering is used to extract low frequency component, then fault detection can be performed, but information loss occurs when multiple harmonics are present

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefault detection reliabilityVSAvoidvibration signal information
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The vibration signal is segmented into multiple frequency components corresponding to different harmonics. Instead of filtering out high frequency components, the method extracts and analyzes each harmonic component separately to identify faults affecting different elements of the rotating device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The method transitions from frequency domain filtering to time-frequency domain analysis by calculating instantaneous frequency and using short-time Fourier transforms. This dimensional change allows simultaneous preservation and analysis of multiple harmonic components that would be lost in traditional band-pass filtering.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Ease of operation

If band-pass filtering around gear meshing frequency is applied, then contribution separation is achieved, but measurement precision decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontribution separationVSAvoidfault detection precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The method employs dynamic time-windowing with varying window sizes adapted to the instantaneous frequency of each harmonic component. This dynamic approach maintains precise separation of contributions from different gear elements while preserving the full spectral information, unlike static band-pass filtering.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The analysis parameters including window size, frequency resolution, and transform type are dynamically adjusted based on the detected instantaneous frequency and harmonic content. This allows optimal separation precision for each harmonic component while maintaining overall measurement accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If visual and endoscopic inspection is performed, then fault verification is possible, but system downtime increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefault verification accuracyVSAvoidsystem downtime
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The rotating mechanical device performs self-diagnosis through continuous vibration monitoring during normal operation. The system automatically detects, localizes, and diagnoses faults without requiring external inspection, enabling condition-based maintenance that eliminates scheduled shutdowns and reduces system downtime.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The vibration analysis system operates continuously during device operation, providing uninterrupted fault detection and monitoring. This continuous surveillance replaces periodic visual inspections, maintaining reliability verification without interrupting the useful action of the rotating device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

4Measurement precision

If multiple sensors are used for signal acquisition, then measurement accuracy improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal acquisition accuracyVSAvoidsensor system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The method replaces physical signal separation mechanisms (multiple sensors positioned at different locations) with mathematical signal processing techniques. By using instantaneous frequency analysis and time-frequency transforms on a single sensor signal, the system achieves the same fault localization precision without the complexity of multiple sensors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentEP3658881B1Method and device for searching for a defect capable of affecting a rotating mechanical power transmission device
Publication Date: 2021.07.07 SAFRAN SA
  • EP3658881B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3658881B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3658881B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

The method of the invention comprises: - a step (E10) of obtaining a signal s that can be modeled by a product of a high frequency signal s1 and a low frequency signal s2, generated by the rotating mechanical power transmission device and acquired by a sensor; - a step (E20) of determining estimates of the signals s1 and s2, minimising a difference between all or part of the signal s and a product of these estimates; - a step (E30) of analysing the estimates of the signals s1 and s2 in order to detect the presence of a defect affecting the rotating power transmission mechanical device; and, if a defect is detected following the analysis step (E40), a step (E50) of locating said defect from at least one of the estimates of the signals s1 and s2.