Electric Machine Rotor Angle Detection via Torque-Contour Test Signal

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for determining the rotor angle of electric machines, especially at low speeds, face challenges due to low voltage magnitudes and result in torque ripple, acoustic disturbances, and strain on film capacitors, as they use sinusoidal or square-wave voltage test signals that influence the torque and current.

Innovation Solution

A method employing a torque-dependent high-frequency test signal, either sinusoidal or rectangular, is superimposed on the supply signal but directed in a way that minimizes its impact on the motor's torque, using a voltage vector coordinate system with components only in the k-axis, ensuring the motor current vector oscillation is tangential to the required torque contour line, thus reducing torque and current ripples.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If sinusoidal or square-wave voltage test signals are used for rotor angle determination, then the rotor position can be detected, but torque ripple and acoustic disturbances occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotor position detection accuracyVSAvoidtorque ripple and acoustic disturbances
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter of the test signal from conventional sinusoidal or square-wave voltage signals to a high-frequency current test signal. This parameter change allows the test signal to be directed along the torque contour line, minimizing its impact on motor torque while still enabling accurate rotor position detection through the current response analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If high-frequency test signals are used for rotor angle determination, then measurement accuracy is improved, but strain on film capacitors increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotor angle determination accuracyVSAvoidstrain on film capacitors
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the test signal from voltage-based to current-based, which fundamentally alters how the test signal interacts with the motor system. The high-frequency current test signal flows in a direction that minimizes torque production, thereby reducing the stress on the DC link capacitors while maintaining the ability to detect rotor position through the resulting current response.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If test signals are fed into the estimated d-direction, then rotor position can be determined, but large torque ripple and current ripple occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotor position detection capabilityVSAvoidtorque ripple and current ripple
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of feeding the test signal into the conventional d-direction (which causes large torque ripple), the patent inverts the approach by directing the high-frequency current test signal along the torque contour line. This inverted direction minimizes the test signal's impact on motor torque while still producing a detectable current response for rotor position determination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces torque ripple, current ripple, and acoustic interference, providing accurate rotor angle determination with minimal disturbance, even at low speeds, by using a closed control loop and transformation angles to demodulate the motor current vector effectively.

Implementation Method 1

determining the rotor angle of the electric machine rotor based on the effects of the test signal on the phase currents

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3411948B1Method, angle determination apparatus and control apparatus
Publication Date: 2023.03.29 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP3411948B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3411948B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3411948B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The present invention discloses a method for determining a rotor angle of a rotor of an electric machine, having the steps of producing a torque-dependent test signal which depends on the torque of the electric machine and has a higher frequency than a supply signal for the electric machine, controlling the electric machine using the supply signal and the test signal which is superimposed on the supply signal, recording phase currents of the electric machine, and determining the rotor angle of the rotor of the electric machine on the basis of the effects of the test signal on the phase currents. The present invention also discloses an angle determination apparatus and a corresponding control apparatus.