Gas Turbine Rotor Blade Cooling Circuit with Angled Rib

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-pressure turbine blades face challenges in maintaining adequate internal pressure in the third cooling cavity, which affects film cooling efficiency, particularly at the aft tip region, leading to potential hot gas ingestion and reduced blade life.

Innovation Solution

A gas turbine rotor blade design featuring a three-pass serpentine cooling circuit with radially extending cavities and internal ribs, where the second rib is angled obliquely, ensuring higher pressure and cooler air is directed through film holes to the blade tip, enhancing film cooling and Back Flow Margin (BFM).

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If film cooling holes are provided in the third cavity at the aft tip region, then film cooling efficiency is improved, but adequate internal pressure cannot be maintained in the third cavity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefilm cooling efficiencyVSAvoidinternal pressure in third cavity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling circuit is divided into three separate cavities (first, second, and third cavities) with distinct pressure zones. The segmentation allows the third cavity to be fed by the second cavity through a controlled passage, enabling independent pressure management. This resolves the contradiction by allowing the third cavity to maintain adequate pressure for film cooling while being supplied from the higher-pressure second cavity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A passage is introduced as an intermediary element connecting the second cavity to the third cavity. This passage acts as a mediator that transfers cooling air from the higher-pressure second cavity to the third cavity, enabling the third cavity to maintain adequate pressure without directly compromising the pressure balance in the second cavity. The intermediary passage resolves the pressure-deficiency problem while preserving film cooling capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Stress or pressure

If the second cavity is used to provide film cooling, then adequate pressure is available, but the cavity is located too far forward to cool the aft tip region effectively

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinternal pressure in second cavityVSAvoidcooling effectiveness at aft tip
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling circuit is segmented into three cavities where the second cavity serves as a pressure source and the third cavity serves as the film cooling delivery zone. This segmentation allows the second cavity (with adequate pressure) to supply the third cavity (positioned at the aft tip) without requiring the second cavity itself to be located at the tip. The segmentation resolves the spatial-pressure conflict.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A connecting passage acts as an intermediary that bridges the spatial gap between the second cavity (forward location with adequate pressure) and the third cavity (aft tip location requiring cooling). This intermediary passage enables effective film cooling at the aft tip region by transporting pressurized cooling air from the second cavity to the third cavity, resolving the location-pressure mismatch.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If internal pressure in cooling cavities is maintained greater than external pressure, then hot gas ingestion is prevented, but the pressure distribution becomes difficult to control across different cavity regions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprevention of hot gas ingestionVSAvoidpressure distribution control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling circuit is segmented into three pressure-zoned cavities, each capable of maintaining positive Back Flow Margin independently. This segmentation simplifies pressure control by creating discrete pressure management zones rather than attempting to control pressure uniformly across the entire blade. Each cavity can be optimized for its specific pressure requirements, reducing the complexity of overall pressure distribution control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Each cavity is designed with local quality characteristics appropriate to its position and function. The first cavity handles root region pressure, the second cavity provides intermediate pressure, and the third cavity manages tip region pressure. This local quality approach allows each cavity to maintain adequate positive BFM for its specific location, preventing hot gas ingestion locally without requiring complex global pressure control mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design effectively maintains higher internal pressure and cooler air at the blade tip, improving film cooling efficiency and preventing hot gas ingestion, thus extending blade life and operational reliability.

Implementation Method 1

a path of cooling gas is channeled radially outward to the blade tip where the flow reverses direction and flows back radially inwardly toward the blade root

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 2

directing at least a portion of the flow of the cooling gas through at least one film hole communicatively coupled between the second cavity and an external surface of the pressure sidewall

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFilm cooling:

Data Source

PatentUS7431562B2Method and apparatus for cooling gas turbine rotor blades
Publication Date: 2008.10.07 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • US7431562B2 patent drawing
  • US7431562B2 patent drawing
  • US7431562B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Methods and apparatus for cooling gas turbine rotor blades is provided. The rotor blades include an airfoil having a pressure sidewall and a second suction sidewall connected together at a leading edge and a trailing edge, such that an internal three pass serpentine cooling circuit is formed therebetween. The cooling circuit includes radially extending first, second, and third serpentine cooling cavities partially separated by, in axially aft succession, a first radially extending internal rib and a second internal rib. The second rib includes a radially inner first portion and a radially outer portion wherein the radially outer portion is angled obliquely with respect to the first portion.