Additive Rotor Blade Lattice Structure for Dynamic Load Resistance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional aircraft rotor blade manufacturing is time-consuming and costly due to the need for multiple detail parts and sub-assemblies, which complicates the integration of structural load paths and increases expenses, especially with polymeric and metallic materials experiencing variations in pressure and temperature.

Innovation Solution

The use of additive manufacturing processes such as electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, and stereolithography to create a tailored rotor blade with a support network that includes closely compacted and open cell portions, allowing for a one-piece airfoil member with varying thickness and density, eliminating the need for a conventional spar by distributing loads across the upper and lower skins.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional multi-step manufacturing process with separate detail parts is used, then control over manufacturing process and meeting operational requirements is improved, but manufacturing time and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeeting operational requirementsVSAvoidmanufacturing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple separate detail parts and sub-assemblies into a single integrated rotor blade structure manufactured through additive manufacturing. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate fabrication and assembly steps while maintaining structural integrity and operational performance through the digitally controlled layer-by-layer construction process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes additive manufacturing technology to fundamentally change the manufacturing parameters from conventional subtractive or assembly-based methods. This enables direct digital fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures with precise control over material deposition, layer thickness, and structural properties, dramatically reducing manufacturing time while ensuring operational requirements are met.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If conventional multi-step manufacturing process with separate detail parts is used, then control over manufacturing process is improved, but manufacturing cost increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol over manufacturing processVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple manufacturing operations and separate component fabrication into a single additive manufacturing process. This integration eliminates the need for multiple specialized tooling sets and assembly operations, reducing overall manufacturing cost while maintaining digital control over the entire production process through software-driven layer-by-layer construction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental manufacturing approach from conventional multi-step processes to additive manufacturing, altering parameters such as material utilization, production time, and tooling requirements. This enables direct digital fabrication that reduces waste and eliminates expensive tooling while maintaining precise control through digital modeling and process parameters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If additive manufacturing is used to create one-piece airfoil member, then manufacturing time and cost are reduced, but structural integrity under dynamic loads must be maintained

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing efficiencyVSAvoidstructural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by varying the density and structural characteristics of different regions within the rotor blade. The support network structure incorporates varying cell densities and material distributions tailored to specific load zones, ensuring optimal structural integrity in high-stress areas while maintaining manufacturing efficiency through the additive process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes composite material structures within the additive manufacturing process, combining different materials or material densities within the single airfoil member. The support network incorporates varying material properties to withstand dynamic loads while maintaining the benefits of additive manufacturing, such as reduced production time and cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces manufacturing costs and time, enhances structural efficiency, and allows for the production of rotor blades with tailored internal and external structures in a single operation, improving the rotor blade's ability to withstand dynamic loads while maintaining a smooth exterior surface.

Implementation Method 1

additive manufacturing processes such as electron beam melting

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron beam melting: Electron Beam

Implementation Method 2

selective laser sintering

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSelective laser sintering: Selective Laser Sintering

Implementation Method 3

selective laser melting (SLM)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser melting: Laser

Implementation Method 4

stereolithography

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStereolithography: Photopolymerisation

Data Source

PatentEP3435259B1Methods of customizing, manufacturing, and repairing a rotor blade using additive manufacturing processes and a rotor blade incorporating the same
Publication Date: 2022.08.03 TEXTRON INNOVATIONS INC
  • EP3435259B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3435259B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3435259B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C

AI summary

In a first aspect, there is a method of making a rotor blade (101), including designing at least one of an upper skin (119), a lower skin (121), a support network (123), and components therefor; and forming at least one of the upper skin (119), the lower skin (121), a support network (123), and components therefor using an additive manufacturing process. In a second aspect, there is an airfoil member having a root end (103), a tip end (105), a leading edge (107), and a trailing edge (109), the airfoil member including an upper skin (119); a lower skin (121); and a support network (123) having a plurality of interconnected support members (123) in a lattice arrangement and/or a reticulated arrangement, the support network (123) being configured to provide tailored characteristics of the airfoil member. Also provided are methods and systems for repairing an airfoil member.