Rotor Blade Torsional Rigidity Reduction via Segmented Foam

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing rotor blades face challenges in achieving optimal torsional rigidity, as excessive rigidity leads to vibrations and aerodynamic stalls, while insufficient rigidity results in deformation and poor performance, and current methods to modify torsional stiffness are complex and costly, impacting other mechanical characteristics.

Innovation Solution

The blade design incorporates a structural means with a filling material that includes transverse separations within the cavity, allowing for reduced torsional rigidity around the longitudinal axis without significantly altering other mechanical characteristics, promoting adaptive twisting and reducing vibrations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If the blade is designed with high torsional rigidity using traditional structural elements (spars, ribs, foam filling), then the blade maintains structural strength and resistance to centrifugal forces, but the blade experiences excessive torsional stiffness that causes vibrations and aerodynamic stalls

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural strengthVSAvoidvibrations and aerodynamic stalls
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The foam filling material is segmented into multiple independent blocks separated by separation planes. This segmentation allows the foam to provide compression rigidity while reducing torsional rigidity, as the separated blocks can move independently during torsional deformation, preventing the transmission of torsional stresses that cause vibrations and stalls

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The filling material is configured with different properties in different regions: it provides compression rigidity where needed (perpendicular to the airflow) while allowing torsional flexibility (parallel to the span). The separation planes are strategically positioned to achieve this local differentiation of mechanical properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Stress or pressure

If the foam filling material is used to stiffen the blade in torsion, then the blade gains compression rigidity, but the torsional rigidity becomes too high causing aerodynamic performance degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompression rigidityVSAvoidaerodynamic stall
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The foam is divided into independent blocks by separation planes that extend along the span of the blade. This segmentation maintains compression rigidity (resistance to airflow pressure) while eliminating torsional rigidity, as the separated blocks cannot transmit torsional moments, thereby preventing aerodynamic stalls caused by excessive torsional stiffness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Reliability

If traditional methods are used to modify torsional stiffness through structural element design, then the blade achieves required mechanical performance, but the design becomes complex and costly with impacts on other mechanical characteristics

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical performanceVSAvoiddesign complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The torsional rigidity function is extracted from the traditional structural elements (spars, ribs) and assigned to the foam filling material configuration. By simply modifying the foam arrangement (adding separation planes) rather than redesigning complex structural elements, the torsional stiffness is controlled independently, simplifying the overall design while maintaining mechanical performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The mechanical properties of the blade are modified by changing the configuration parameter of the foam filling (from continuous to segmented). This parameter change allows independent control of torsional rigidity without affecting other mechanical characteristics, avoiding the need for complex redesign of structural elements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design effectively reduces torsional rigidity, enhancing the blade's ability to twist and adapt during flight while maintaining compression rigidity and other mechanical performance, thus improving aerodynamic efficiency and reducing development costs.

Implementation Method 1

The filling material makes it possible to provide compression rigidity with respect to the air flow applied to the outer covering of the blade

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 2

the filler material comprises at least one separation parallel to a chord of the blade... reducing the torsional rigidity of the blade around a longitudinal direction Y parallel to the pitch variation axis AY

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTorsion: Torsion Spring

Data Source

PatentEP2818408B1Blade with reduced torsional rigidity and rotor provided with such a blade
Publication Date: 2016.12.07 EUROCOPTER FRANCE SA
  • EP2818408B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2818408B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP2818408B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

A blade of a rotor for a rotary-wing aircraft is equipped with an outer covering extending along the span of the blade. This outer covering is provided with an extrados skin and with an intrados skin defining a cavity. The blade also includes a structure that extends into the cavity and connects the blade to a hub of the rotor. The cavity is filled with a filling material that includes at least one partition parallel to a chord of the blade and at least two independent blocks of filling material filling the cavity, thereby allowing the reduction of the torsional rigidity along the span of the blade.