Wind Turbine Rotor Blade Vortex Generator Lift Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional vortex generators for wind turbine rotor blades can increase the maximum lift coefficient to undesirable levels, leading to increased structural loading and stability requirements, especially for clean blades, while providing limited benefits for soiled blades due to their uniform effect on lift across all angles of attack.

Innovation Solution

A rotor blade design featuring a main vortex generator and a secondary vortex generator, where the secondary generator is configured to reduce or neutralize the impact of the main generator for small boundary layer thicknesses, becoming inactive for larger thicknesses, thus allowing the main generator's effect to be 'switched' based on the blade's cleanliness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Force

If conventional vortex generators are installed on the rotor blade, then the lift coefficient is increased, but the structural loading and stability requirements are excessively increased

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelift coefficientVSAvoidstructural loading
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The system transitions from a static vortex generator configuration to a dynamic one where the secondary vortex generator can be selectively deactivated. This allows the lift enhancement to be dynamically adjusted based on blade condition, preventing excessive structural loading while maintaining aerodynamic benefits when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the operational parameter of the vortex generators by introducing a deactivatable secondary generator. This parameter change allows the system to switch between different lift enhancement levels, optimizing the balance between aerodynamic performance and structural loading based on real-time blade conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Force

If conventional vortex generators are installed on the rotor blade, then the maximum lift is increased, but the rotor blade experiences excessive loading requiring structural stability review

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemaximum liftVSAvoidstructural stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system enables dynamic control over lift generation by allowing selective deactivation of the secondary vortex generator. This prevents the maximum lift from reaching levels that would compromise structural stability, while still providing lift enhancement when blade conditions warrant it.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system incorporates feedback mechanisms through sensors that monitor blade condition and boundary layer thickness. This feedback controls the activation state of the secondary vortex generator, ensuring that maximum lift is enhanced only when appropriate, thereby maintaining structural stability while optimizing aerodynamic performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Productivity

If multiple vortex generators are aligned in spanwise or chordwise direction, then the aerodynamic effect is enhanced, but the structural loading and stability requirements are further increased

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaerodynamic effectVSAvoidstructural loading
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The aligned vortex generator configuration is made dynamic through the selective deactivation capability of the secondary generator. This allows the aerodynamic effect to be enhanced when needed while preventing excessive structural loading by reducing the active vortex generation when blade conditions do not warrant full enhancement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operational parameter of the aligned vortex generators by introducing controllable activation states. This allows the aerodynamic effect to be modulated based on blade conditions, optimizing the balance between productivity enhancement and structural loading management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Adaptability or versatility

If vortex generators are used to increase lift coefficient, then the wind turbine can operate at larger angles of attack, but the structural loading increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating rangeVSAvoidstructural loading
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The system enables dynamic adjustment of lift enhancement based on operating conditions. The secondary vortex generator can be deactivated when the blade is clean and operating at optimal angles, preventing excessive structural loading while maintaining the expanded operating range capability when blade conditions require it.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operational parameters by introducing controllable activation states for the vortex generators. This allows the operating range to be maintained while structurally loading is managed through parameter adjustment based on real-time blade conditions and operating angles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design enhances the lift-to-drag ratio for clean blades while maintaining performance for soiled blades, reducing the risk of excessive structural loading by dynamically adjusting the vortex generator's impact based on the blade's condition, thereby optimizing aerodynamic efficiency and stability.

Implementation Method 1

a main vortex generator which is configured to generate a main vortex

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVortex generation: Vortex Generator

Implementation Method 2

a secondary vortex generator, which is configured to generate a second vortex

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVortex generation: Vortex Generator

Implementation Method 3

for a boundary layer thickness which is smaller than the height of the secondary vortex generator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBoundary layer: Boundary Layer

Data Source

PatentEP3037656B1Rotor blade with vortex generators
Publication Date: 2016.12.14 SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY AS
  • EP3037656B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3037656B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3037656B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to rotor blade (20) of a wind turbine (10) and to a wind turbine (10) comprising at least one of such rotor blades (20). The rotor blade (20) comprises a main vortex generator (30) being configured to generate a main vortex (301), and a secondary vortex generator (40) being configured to generate a second vortex (401). The height of the main vortex generator (30) is greater than the height of the secondary vortex generator (40). Furthermore, the main vortex generator (30) and the secondary vortex generator (40) are configured and arranged such with regard to each other that - for a boundary layer thickness (52) being smaller than the height of the secondary vortex generator (40), the secondary vortex generator (40) reduces, in particular neutralizes, the impact of the main vortex generator (30) on the lift of the rotor blade (20), and - for a boundary layer thickness (52) being larger than the height of the secondary vortex generator (40), the lift of the rotor blade (20) is substantially unaffected by the presence of the secondary vortex generator (40).