Cooled Rotor Heat Pipe Integration for Asynchronous Machines

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing squirrel-cage rotors for asynchronous machines face challenges in heat dissipation, particularly in machines with higher pole numbers and longer axial lengths, where conventional cooling methods are less effective due to reduced heat dissipation through short-circuit rings.

Innovation Solution

The integration of heat pipes, which are cast directly onto short-circuit rings, enhances heat dissipation by creating an effective heat conduction and convection cycle, with copper heat pipes and aluminum short-circuit rings optimized for thermal and mechanical contact through alloy layers, and strategically arranged slots for improved electrical efficiency and starting torque.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If conventional cooling methods with vanes on short-circuit rings are used, then heat dissipation is achieved at high speeds, but heat dissipation effectiveness is reduced in machines with higher pole numbers and longer axial lengths

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dissipation effectivenessVSAvoidapplicability to high pole numbers and long axial lengths
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The rotor core is divided into multiple segments with individual cooling channels distributed throughout its length. This segmentation allows heat to be removed from different axial positions independently, making the cooling system effective for rotors with higher pole numbers and longer axial lengths where conventional single-point cooling fails

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A cooling medium (liquid or gas) is introduced as an intermediary substance that absorbs heat from the rotor core through the cooling channels and transports it to external heat exchangers. This mediator enables heat dissipation without relying solely on the rotor's rotational speed, thus maintaining effectiveness across different machine configurations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Temperature

If short-circuit rings are made of copper for high thermal conductivity, then heat dissipation is improved, but the mass moment of inertia of the rotor increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dissipation capabilityVSAvoidmass moment of inertia
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The short-circuit rings are constructed using composite material structures, combining aluminum (for low weight and acceptable conductivity) with strategically placed copper elements or high-conductivity coatings only in critical heat transfer zones. This composite approach achieves adequate heat dissipation while maintaining low mass moment of inertia

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of making the entire short-circuit ring from high-conductivity copper, the patent applies high thermal conductivity materials only in specific local zones where heat transfer is most critical, such as at the interfaces with cooling channels or at the outer periphery, while using lighter materials in other regions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Weight of moving object

If aluminum short-circuit rings are used to reduce mass moment of inertia, then rotational performance is improved, but thermal conductivity and heat dissipation capability are reduced compared to copper

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemass moment of inertiaVSAvoidheat dissipation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces active cooling channels as an intermediary heat removal system that compensates for aluminum's lower thermal conductivity. The cooling medium directly contacts the short-circuit rings through these channels, providing an alternative heat transfer path that bypasses the limitation of aluminum's material properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the thermal parameters of the aluminum short-circuit rings by incorporating high-conductivity coatings, embedded heat pipes, or phase-change materials that enhance heat transfer capability without significantly increasing mass, thus improving heat dissipation while maintaining low moment of inertia

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Temperature

If heat pipes are integrated into the rotor core for heat dissipation, then heat transfer is improved, but the complexity of the manufacturing process increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer efficiencyVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The manufacturing process merges the heat pipe integration with the existing rotor core fabrication steps. Heat pipes are inserted into pre-formed channels during the same casting or assembly process used for creating the rotor core and short-circuit rings, eliminating the need for separate post-manufacturing installation steps and reducing overall complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution significantly improves heat dissipation and electrical efficiency of the squirrel-cage rotor, reducing electrical contact resistance and mechanical stress, while also enhancing starting behavior and overall performance compared to conventional designs.

Implementation Method 1

The heat pipes, which can be thermosiphons or heat pipes, penetrate the laminated rotor core essentially axially. They transport the heat generated in the rotor core to the two front ends of the rotor.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat pipe: Heat Pipe

Implementation Method 2

The heat pipes, which can be thermosiphons or heat pipes, penetrate the laminated rotor core essentially axially.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermosiphon: Thermosyphon

Implementation Method 3

an alloy layer being formed on the heat pipes in the zones in which they are arranged within the short-circuit rings, which alloy layer is applied in particular galvanically

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGalvanic bonding: Electroplating

Implementation Method 4

The part of the heat pipes protruding from the short-circuit rings thereby assumes the function of fan blades and thus supports convection.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP2299565B1Cooled rotor of an asynchronous machine
Publication Date: 2012.08.15 SIEMENS AG
  • EP2299565B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP2299565B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6
  • EP2299565B1 patent drawingFigure 7~8

AI summary

The invention relates to a squirrel-cage rotor for an asynchronous machine (7), wherein the squirrel-cage rotor comprises: a rotor lamination stack (1), short-circuit bars (2) arranged within the rotor lamination stack (1), and short-circuit rings (3) cast onto the rotor lamination stack (1), which electrically connect the short-circuit bars (1) to each other at the end faces of the rotor lamination stack (1). To improve heat dissipation, heat tubes (4) are inserted axially into the rotor lamination stack (1), projecting out of the rotor lamination stack (1) at the end faces and into the short-circuit rings (3).