Rotor Transmission Joint With Decoupled Torque and Force Paths

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current transmission joints for tilt-rotor aircrafts with elastomeric bearings face issues of reduced fatigue life, increased cost and weight, and complex maintenance due to overheating and the need for frequent inspection, which complicates the transition between 'airplane' and 'helicopter' configurations.

Innovation Solution

A transmission joint utilizing a constant velocity joint design with rollers and dampening elements made of alternating layers of elastomeric materials and steel, allowing for independent transmission of torque and aerodynamic forces while enabling oscillation of the hub relative to the control shaft, reducing the reliance on elastomeric bearings and simplifying maintenance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If elastomeric bearings are used to transmit torque and aerodynamic forces, then the transmission joint can handle both forces, but the fatigue life is reduced and the cost and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to transmit both torque and aerodynamic forcesVSAvoidfatigue life
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention divides the transmission joint into two separate functional paths: one for torque transmission (via the constant velocity joint mechanism) and another for aerodynamic force transmission (via the spherical bearing). This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function, reducing the overall stress and fatigue on any single element while maintaining the ability to handle both torque and aerodynamic forces simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Adaptability or versatility

If elastomeric bearings are used to transmit torque and aerodynamic forces, then the transmission joint can handle both forces, but the weight and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to transmit both torque and aerodynamic forcesVSAvoidweight of transmission joint
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention divides the transmission joint into two separate functional paths: one for torque transmission (via the constant velocity joint mechanism) and another for aerodynamic force transmission (via the spherical bearing). This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function, reducing the overall stress and fatigue on any single element while maintaining the ability to handle both torque and aerodynamic forces simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Adaptability or versatility

If elastomeric bearings are used, then torque and force transmission is possible, but maintenance complexity increases due to overheating and frequent inspection needs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to transmit both torque and aerodynamic forcesVSAvoidmaintenance complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The invention divides the transmission joint into two separate functional paths: one for torque transmission (via the constant velocity joint mechanism) and another for aerodynamic force transmission (via the spherical bearing). This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function, reducing the overall stress and fatigue on any single element while maintaining the ability to handle both torque and aerodynamic forces simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The spherical bearing acts as an intermediary element that specifically handles aerodynamic forces, while the constant velocity joint mechanism handles torque transmission. This intermediary arrangement allows each component to operate within its optimal performance range, reducing overheating issues and maintenance complexity associated with using a single elastomeric bearing for both functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Difficulty of detecting and measuring

If a long probe is used to visually inspect components, then inspection can be performed, but the procedure becomes more cumbersome

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinspection capabilityVSAvoidmaintenance procedure simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Difficulty of detecting and measuringVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The spherical bearing acts as an intermediary element that specifically handles aerodynamic forces, while the constant velocity joint mechanism handles torque transmission. This intermediary arrangement allows each component to operate within its optimal performance range, reducing overheating issues and maintenance complexity associated with using a single elastomeric bearing for both functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances the fatigue life, reduces weight and cost, and simplifies maintenance by decoupling the torque and force transmission paths, providing a more balanced and efficient operation during configuration transitions.

Implementation Method 1

A transmission joint utilizing a constant velocity joint design with rollers and dampening elements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConstant velocity joint mechanism:

Implementation Method 2

dampening elements made of alternating layers of elastomeric materials and steel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibration damping: Damping

Implementation Method 3

dampening elements made of alternating layers of elastomeric materials and steel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectViscoelasticity: Viscoelasticity

Implementation Method 4

constant velocity joint design with rollers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRolling contact: Roller

Implementation Method 5

rollers and dampening elements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction reduction: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP4470916A1Transmission joint for a rotor comprising a plurality of blades
Publication Date: 2024.12.04 LEONARDO SPA
  • EP4470916A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4470916A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4470916A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An articulated transmission joint (20; 20'; 20'') for connecting a drive shaft (10) to a hub (15) of a rotor (8, 8', 8"), comprising: a first element (45, 45', 45") rotatable about a first axis (C); a second element (50, 51, 52; 50", 51'', 52'') rotatable about a second axis (D); and connecting means (60, 60', 60") to allow transmitting the motion between the first and the second element (45, 45', 45"; 50, 51, 52; 50", 51", 52") of a torque having a main component along the first axis (C) and a torque having a main component along the second axis (D); the connecting means (60, 60', 60") comprise, a roller (54) articulated on the first element (45, 45', 45''); and a chamber (53) defined at least partially by the second element (50, 51, 52; 50", 51", 52") and housing at least partially the roller (54); the chamber (53) is delimited towards the roller (54) by a first surface (59) that contacts the roller (54) circumferentially to the first axis (C), after the rotation of the first element (45) about the first axis (C); the first and second element (45, 45', 45"; 50, 51, 52; 50", 51", 52") are coupled so as to allow a tilt of an angle (α) between the first and second axis (C, D).