Rotor-Side Converter Switching Frequency Control for Wind Turbine Reactive Power

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) systems in wind turbines face reduced reactive power capability and increased harmonic distortion near synchronous speed due to elevated switching frequencies, leading to thermal cycling stresses and limited output current capability.

Innovation Solution

A method and system that adjust the switching frequency of the rotor-side converter (RSC) in real-time based on generator rotor speed, using a look-up table to determine a second switching frequency that maintains thermal limits and minimizes harmonic distortion, thereby increasing reactive power output and extending component life.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the switching frequency of the rotor-side converter is maintained at an elevated frequency for all rotor speeds, then the reactive power control capability is improved for most operating speeds, but the thermal cycling stress on IGBTs increases and reactive power capability is reduced at synchronous speed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereactive power capabilityVSAvoidthermal cycling stress on IGBTs
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic adjustment of the switching frequency based on the rotor speed. The controller monitors the rotor speed and automatically adjusts the switching frequency of the RSC to optimize performance at different operating points, transitioning from a static fixed frequency approach to a dynamic adaptive approach that resolves the contradiction between reactive power capability and thermal stress.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the switching frequency parameter according to rotor speed conditions. By varying this critical parameter dynamically, the system optimizes the balance between reactive power output capability and thermal management of the IGBTs, particularly reducing stress at synchronous speed while maintaining effectiveness at other speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If the switching frequency is reduced to decrease thermal cycling stress, then the reliability of switching elements is improved, but the reactive power capability and harmonic distortion control are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent life of switching elementsVSAvoidreactive power output
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts switching frequency based on real-time rotor speed measurements, ensuring that the frequency is only reduced when necessary (at synchronous speed) while maintaining higher frequencies during other operating conditions. This dynamic approach preserves reactive power capability and harmonic control when high switching frequency is beneficial.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different switching frequency settings to different operating conditions. Instead of a uniform frequency reduction, the system implements localized optimization by applying reduced frequency only at synchronous speed where thermal stress is critical, while maintaining higher frequencies at other speeds where performance benefits outweigh thermal concerns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Productivity

If the switching frequency is elevated for most operating speeds, then the reactive power control is effective, but harmonic distortion increases when operated at synchronous speed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereactive power control effectivenessVSAvoidharmonic distortion
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The controller dynamically adjusts the switching frequency based on rotor speed detection, automatically reducing the frequency when the generator operates at synchronous speed to minimize harmonic distortion, and restoring higher frequencies during other operating conditions to maintain reactive power control effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the switching frequency parameter in response to rotor speed conditions, specifically reducing it at synchronous speed to eliminate harmonic distortion while maintaining it at higher levels during other operations to preserve reactive power control capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3731405B1System and method for reactive power control of a wind turbine by varying switching frequency of rotor side converter
Publication Date: 2022.09.14 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3731405B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3731405B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3731405B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method and associated system for operating a power generation system to provide real and reactive power to a load includes, with a power converter having switching elements, receiving power from a generator and generating the reactive power within an operating range of generator rotor speed. As the generator rotor speed changes and approaches synchronous speed, a control command is generated to decrease a switching frequency of the switching elements in the power converter from a first switching frequency to a second switching frequency, wherein the reactive power output of the power converter is maintained or increased at the second switching frequency.