Rotor Temperature Determination via Stator Flux Saturation Saliency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for determining the rotor temperature of electric induction machines are inaccurate and unreliable, especially at low speeds, and often require additional sensors or complex thermal models, which increase costs and complexity.

Innovation Solution

The method determines rotor temperature by analyzing inherent machine saliencies, specifically using stator flux saturation saliency angles, which are independent of load values and do not require additional sensors, leveraging existing components for speed sensorless control and machine models to adjust rotor resistance and time constant.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a sensor on the stator winding is used to estimate rotor temperature based on thermal models, then the system complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision of rotor temperature deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem complexityVSAvoidrotor temperature measurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces physical temperature sensors with an electrical measurement approach. By measuring rotor resistance variations through electrical signals and using these to infer temperature through a machine model, the system eliminates the need for physical sensors while achieving accurate rotor temperature determination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes the change in rotor resistance parameter with temperature. By monitoring how rotor resistance varies as temperature changes and using this parameter variation to determine temperature, the system achieves accurate temperature measurement without physical sensors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If direct detection of rotor resistance variations is used to estimate temperature, then the measurement precision improves, but the device complexity increases due to requirements for precise injected stator voltage knowledge

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature measurement precisionVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the system self-sufficient by using the machine's own operational parameters (rotor resistance variations) to determine temperature. The method uses information already available from the machine's operation without requiring external sensors or complex additional measurement systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the determined rotor temperature is used to adapt the machine model parameters. This closed-loop approach continuously refines the temperature determination by comparing measured rotor resistance with model predictions and adjusting accordingly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Device complexity

If fundamental wave representation is used for sensorless control, then the device complexity is reduced, but the reliability deteriorates at low speeds and zero frequency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol system complexityVSAvoidsensorless control reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from fundamental wave analysis to analyzing non-fundamental wave properties, specifically rotor flux saturation saliencies. By changing the frequency domain approach to focus on saturation effects, the system achieves reliable sensorless control across the entire speed range including zero and low speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent exploits the saturation saliency effects which manifest as periodic variations in the rotor flux linkage. By detecting these saturation-induced variations, the system can determine rotor position and speed information without physical sensors, even at standstill and low speeds where fundamental wave methods fail.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for accurate, reliable, and fast determination of rotor temperature without additional sensors or complex thermal models, maintaining system reliability and reducing costs, especially at low speeds.

Implementation Method 1

the temperature of the rotor significantly influences the rotor resistance and thus the rotor time constant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature-resistance relationship: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3579405B1A method and an apparatus for determining a temperature of a rotor
Publication Date: 2020.07.08 BOMBARDIER TRANSPORTATION GMBH
  • EP3579405B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3579405B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5
  • EP3579405B1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus of determining a temperature of a rotor (RT) of an electric induction machine (1) comprising the steps of: - determining a set of temperature-independent comparative stator flux saturation saliency angles (CSA) in a reference frame, - determining an actual stator flux saturation saliency angle (ASA) in the reference coordinate frame depending on a machine model (MM) comprising at least one rotor temperature-dependent parameter, - determining a temperature-independent comparative stator flux saturation saliency angle (CSA), - determining a deviation between the actual stator flux saturation saliency angle (ASA) and the temperature-independent comparative stator flux saturation saliency angle (CSA), - determining the rotor temperature (RT) as the temperature which minimizes said deviation.