RSA Lookup Arguments for Composite Numbers and Duplicate Entries

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing RSA accumulator-based proof of membership methods are limited to prime numbers and cannot handle duplicate elements, restricting their application in blockchain and cloud systems.

Innovation Solution

A method that converts composite numbers into prime numbers using concatenation operations and generates a prime number table vector, allowing for RSA accumulator-based lookup arguments to handle duplicates by replacing and processing them within a zero-knowledge proof framework.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If RSA accumulator-based proof of membership method is used, then verification of index values is enabled, but the method is limited to prime numbers only and cannot handle composite numbers

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveapplicability to different number typesVSAvoidcorrectness of proof
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary conversion process that transforms composite numbers into prime numbers through concatenation with random values followed by prime verification. This intermediary step allows the RSA accumulator method (which requires prime numbers) to handle composite number inputs while maintaining mathematical correctness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter type by converting composite number parameters into prime number parameters through a systematic transformation process. This parameter change enables the use of RSA accumulator-based proofs which are mathematically defined for prime numbers only.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If RSA accumulator-based proof of membership method is used, then lookup argument is enabled, but duplicate elements cannot be processed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehandling of duplicate elementsVSAvoidcomplexity of processing logic
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary deduplication processing on the index vector before applying the RSA accumulator-based lookup argument. By removing duplicate elements in advance, the system simplifies the subsequent proof verification process while maintaining the ability to handle the original data set.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts and removes duplicate elements from the index vector, keeping only unique elements for the lookup argument process. This extraction of problematic duplicate elements allows the RSA accumulator method to function correctly without modification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Adaptability or versatility

If conversion of composite numbers to prime numbers is performed, then applicability to composite number tables is enabled, but additional processing steps are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesupport for composite number tablesVSAvoidprocessing speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The conversion of composite numbers to prime numbers is performed in advance during a setup phase, separate from the actual proof verification process. This preliminary action allows the transformation to be cached or pre-computed, minimizing its impact on the speed of subsequent lookup arguments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the overall process into distinct phases: a setup phase where composite-to-prime conversion occurs, and a verification phase where lookup arguments are performed. This segmentation allows the computationally intensive conversion to be separated from the faster verification operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP4716152A1Method of RSA accumulator-based lookup argument on composite number and duplicated element
Publication Date: 2026.03.25 ZKRYPTO INC
  • EP4716152A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4716152A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4716152A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The technical concept of the present invention relates to an RSA accumulator-based lookup argument method for performing lookup argument on a composite number and duplicated element. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, RSA accumulator-based lookup argument method performed by at least one processor may include obtaining a table vector including a plurality of table values, generating a plurality of prime number random values, generating a plurality of prime number table values respectively corresponding to the plurality of table values by using the plurality of prime number random values, generating a prime number table vector by using the plurality of prime number table values and the plurality of prime number random values, publishing the prime number table vector, and performing RSA accumulator-based lookup argument by using the prime number table vector to check whether an index value is included in the table vector.