Ru Catalyst Particles for Stable Dehydrogenative Silylation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Catalysts for dehydrogenative silylation reactions are prone to instability due to sensitivity to oxygen, water, and light, leading to unselective reactions and low yields, and are not functional group tolerant, limiting their application.
Innovation Solution
A method of preparing catalyst particles by combining a Ru(0) complex with a triruthenium complex and a ligand precursor compound, such as a phosphorous or amine compound, in a carrier fluid and heating the mixture at elevated temperatures to form catalyst particles, which are then used in dehydrogenative silylation reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional catalysts (metal complexes, metal oxides, or earth alkali metal hydroxides) are used for dehydrogenative silylation, then the reaction can proceed, but the reaction requires strict control of reaction conditions (temperature, moisture, oxygen) and uses stoichiometric amounts of base, resulting in high costs and complex waste disposal requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameters of the catalyst system by using organometallic compounds with main group elements (Si, B, Al, Ga, In, Ti) as catalysts, which operate under mild conditions without requiring strict temperature, moisture, or oxygen control, thereby simplifying the reaction condition control while maintaining reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite catalyst systems comprising organometallic compounds with main group elements, which combine the advantages of catalytic activity with mild operating conditions, replacing the need for complex condition control while maintaining reaction reliability
2Reliability
If conventional catalysts are used, then dehydrogenative silylation can be achieved, but stoichiometric amounts of base are required, increasing costs and creating complex waste disposal requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the stoichiometric parameters by introducing catalytic amounts of organometallic compounds with main group elements, which enable the reaction to proceed with substoichiometric base amounts, thereby reducing material loss and disposal complexity while maintaining catalytic activity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses readily available organometallic compounds with main group elements as catalysts that can be used in small amounts and disposed of easily, replacing the need for stoichiometric bases, thereby reducing cost and waste disposal complexity while maintaining reliable catalytic performance
3Reliability
If conventional catalysts are used, then the reaction can proceed, but the catalysts are sensitive to moisture and oxygen, requiring strict reaction condition control
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the sensitivity parameters by using organometallic compounds with main group elements that are inherently less sensitive to moisture and oxygen, thereby reducing harmful factors while maintaining catalytic reliability under milder conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the potential harm of moisture and oxygen sensitivity into a benefit by selecting catalyst systems that are naturally resistant to these factors, thereby eliminating the need for strict protective measures while maintaining catalytic activity and reliability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The catalyst particles exhibit high conversion rates, selectivity, and yields, and can be used in various heterogeneous and/or homogeneous conditions, providing wide applicability.
Implementation Method 1
Catalyst particles and methods for dehydrogenative silylation
Data Source
AI summary
A method of preparing catalyst particles (the "preparation method") is disclosed. The preparation method comprises combining a Ru(0) complex and a carrier fluid to form a mixture and heating the mixture at an elevated temperature to nucleate the Ru(0) complex and give the catalyst particles in the carrier fluid. The preparation method optionally comprises isolating the catalyst particles from the carrier fluid. A method of preparing an organosilicon compound via dehydrogenative silylation with the catalyst particles (the "synthesis method") is also disclosed. The synthesis method comprises reacting (A) an organohydridochlorosilane compound and (B) an alkene compound in the presence of (C) a catalyst, thereby preparing the organosilicon compound. The catalyst (C) of the synthesis method comprises the catalyst particles prepared by the preparation method.