Rubber Composition Using HDPA for Low Viscosity and Cured Cohesion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing rubber compositions face a challenge in reducing uncured viscosity for easier processing while maintaining or improving cured rubber's rigidity and cohesiveness, as adding plasticizers often compromises cured properties.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating 3-hydroxydiphenylamine (3-HDPA) or 4-hydroxydiphenylamine into rubber compositions without using methylene donors, which reduces uncured viscosity and enhances cured cohesiveness without affecting rigidity, by using a cross-linkable elastomer composition with a highly unsaturated diene elastomer and reinforcing fillers like carbon black or silica.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If plasticizers such as petroleum derived oils and low molecular weight resins are added to minimize uncured viscosity, then uncured viscosity is reduced for easier processing, but cured rigidity and cohesive properties are degraded
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameter of the rubber composition by incorporating 3-HDPA or 4-HDPA, which have specific molecular structures that interact with the rubber polymer chains. These compounds modify the viscosity characteristics without the harmful side effects of traditional plasticizers, achieving lower uncured viscosity while preserving cured cohesiveness through their unique chemical properties
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces expensive or harmful plasticizers with 3-HDPA or 4-HDPA that serve their function temporarily during processing (reducing viscosity) and then become part of the cured network structure, contributing to both processing ease and final product strength without needing to be removed or replaced
2Ease of operation
If plasticizers are added to reduce uncured viscosity, then processing is easier, but cured rigidity is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters by introducing 3-HDPA or 4-HDPA, which alter the rheological properties of the uncured rubber to reduce viscosity. Simultaneously, these compounds participate in the curing reaction to form a rigid cross-linked network, thus improving cured rigidity rather than compromising it
3Strength
If methylene donors such as hexamethylenetetramine or hexamethoxymethylmelamine are used with HDPA to harden, then rubber physical properties are improved, but processability and cured cohesiveness are compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the methylene donor component from the traditional HDPA vulcanization system. By eliminating hexamethylenetetramine or hexamethoxymethylmelamine, the patent avoids the associated processing difficulties and cohesiveness issues while maintaining the beneficial effects of HDPA through alternative curing mechanisms
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses 3-HDPA or 4-HDPA as an intermediary substance that can facilitate cross-linking without requiring a methylene donor. These compounds act as both the cross-linking agent and the hardening agent, eliminating the need for separate methylene donor chemicals and improving overall processability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The addition of HDPA significantly decreases uncured viscosity and increases elongational and tearing cohesiveness of the rubber, while maintaining or improving the cured rigidity, as demonstrated by reduced Mooney viscosity and increased break and tear strains without compromising MA10 modulus.
Implementation Method 1
Particular the invention uses 3-hydroxydiphenylamime or 4-hydroxydiphenylamine or their combinations in a rubber composition yielding a rubber composition having a low uncured viscosity for rubber processing
Implementation Method 2
Incorporating 3-hydroxydiphenylamine (3-HDPA) or 4-hydroxydiphenylamine into rubber compositions without using methylene donors, which reduces uncured viscosity and enhances cured cohesiveness
Implementation Method 3
a cross-linkable elastomer composition comprising, per 100 parts by weight of rubber (phr), a highly unsaturated diene elastomer
Implementation Method 4
a highly unsaturated diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, and a property modifier
Data Source
AI summary
A rubber composition is disclosed and more particularly, a rubber composition having low uncured viscosity for better green rubber handling and high cured cohesiveness desired cured article properties, methods for making them and articles made from such rubber compositions. Particularly the invention uses 3-hydroxydiphenylamime or 4-hydroxydiphenylamine or their combinations in a rubber composition yielding a rubber composition having a low uncured viscosity for rubber processing and a high cured cohesion and rigidity for the cured rubber product. Such a composition is particularly suitable for rubber applications including tires.