Rubeanic Acid Electrode Active Material for High Output Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current secondary batteries face limitations in achieving high energy density, high output, and stable cycle characteristics due to restricted charge-discharge rates and instability in multi-electron reactions, particularly with organic radical compounds, disulfide compounds, and rubeanic acid-based electrode active materials.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating cyanomethanesulfonylamide into an organic compound with a rubeanic acid structure as the main component of the electrode active material, enhancing stability and reactivity for efficient charge-discharge reactions and improving cycle characteristics.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If lithium-containing transition metal oxide is used as positive electrode active material, then high energy density is achieved, but charge-discharge rate is restricted due to slow lithium ion movement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental reaction mechanism from lithium ion insertion/detachment to organic radical oxidation-reduction reactions. This parameter change in the electrochemical reaction type enables rapid electron transfer while maintaining high energy density, resolving the contradiction between energy storage capacity and charge-discharge speed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical diffusion process of lithium ions moving through the transition metal oxide lattice with an electronic process involving radical reactions at the electrode surface. This substitution eliminates the rate-limiting step of solid-state ion diffusion, achieving both high energy density and fast charge-discharge rates.
2Productivity
If organic radical compound is used for electrode active material, then reaction site concentration increases and charging speed improves, but multi-electron reaction stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a mediator system where the organic radical compound facilitates electron transfer through controlled oxidation-reduction reactions. The mediator enables multi-electron transfer processes while maintaining reaction stability, resolving the contradiction between fast charging capability and cycle life.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite electrode materials combining organic radical compounds with specific molecular structures that enable stable multi-electron reactions. This composite approach maintains the high reaction site concentration and charging speed of organic radicals while adding structural features that ensure long-term cycling stability.
3Quantity of substance
If disulfide compound is used as electrode active material, then two-electron reaction capability is achieved, but bond stability deteriorates due to repeated S-S bond cleavage and formation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the problematic S-S bond cleavage/formation mechanism from the electrode reaction and replaces it with oxidation-reduction reactions that do not involve bond breaking. This extraction eliminates the stability issue while preserving the two-electron transfer capability through alternative chemical pathways.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent adopts organic radical compounds that can undergo reversible oxidation-reduction reactions without permanent structural degradation. These materials effectively replace the short-lived disulfide compounds, enabling multiple charge-discharge cycles while maintaining composition stability.
4Quantity of substance
If rubeanic acid structure is used for electrode active material, then multi-electron reaction capability is achieved, but reaction stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the reaction parameters by changing from direct multi-electron transfer in rubeanic acid to stepwise oxidation-reduction reactions of organic radicals. This parameter change enables multi-electron capacity while improving reaction stability through more controlled electrochemical pathways.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The electrode active material with cyanomethanesulfonylamide achieves high energy density, rapid charging, high output, and excellent cycle stability with minimal capacity deterioration, even after repeated charge and discharge cycles, while maintaining low environmental impact and safety.
Implementation Method 1
charge and discharge are performed by using a oxidation-reduction reaction of the organic compound and cyanomethanesulfonylamide
Implementation Method 2
charge and discharge is performed by using a lithium ion insertion and detachment reactions for these electrode active materials
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
An electrode active material has, as the main component, a mixture of an organic compound containing a rubeanic acid indicated by the following general formula in the structural unit and cyanomethanesulfonylamide. In the formula, n indicates an integer between 1 and 20, and R1-R4 indicate hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, or a prescribed substituent group such as a hydroxide group, a 1-3C alkyl group, an amino group, a phenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or a sulfo group. A positive electrode (4) contains this electrode active material. As a result, the electrode active material, an electrode, and a secondary battery are achieved that have high energy density, high output, and excellent cycle characteristics whereby there is small deterioration in capacity even after repeated discharge.