Safety Goal Violation Analysis Using Fault Tree-Bayesian Networks

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods in functional safety are limited by boolean algebra and do not account for environmental conditions, while Bayesian Networks provide more detailed statistical relationships but are not integrated into safety evaluations.

Innovation Solution

Integrate Bayesian Networks with Fault Tree Analysis to model environmental influences and electrical/electronic faults, using nodes to describe system behavior and conditional dependencies, providing a combined quantitative evaluation of safety goal violations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If Fault Tree Analysis is used for safety evaluation, then the analysis structure is simple and clear, but it cannot model environmental conditions and only uses boolean algebra

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveanalysis structureVSAvoidmodeling capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) with Bayesian Networks (BN) into a hybrid model. The FTA provides the top-down deductive structure for safety goal violations, while the BN integrates environmental condition modeling with conditional probabilities. This combination allows the system to maintain the structural clarity of FTA while gaining the environmental adaptability and statistical rigor of BN, resolving the contradiction between simple structure and versatile modeling capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The hybrid FTA-BN model serves multiple functions simultaneously: it performs traditional fault tree deductive analysis for electrical/electronic failures while also modeling environmental conditions and their probabilistic influences. The Bayesian network component acts as a universal interface that can incorporate various environmental factors (weather, terrain, lighting) and their complex interdependencies, making the safety analysis system adaptable to diverse operating conditions without requiring separate analysis frameworks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If Bayesian Networks are used to model environmental conditions, then detailed statistical relationships are achieved, but integration with safety evaluation is lacking

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestatistical relationshipVSAvoidsafety evaluation integration
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses the hybrid FTA-BN model as an intermediary framework that connects Bayesian Network environmental modeling with traditional safety evaluation. The BN component captures detailed statistical relationships between environmental conditions and system performance, while the FTA component provides the formal safety evaluation structure. The interface between BN and FTA allows probabilistic outputs from the Bayesian network to feed into the fault tree analysis, enabling seamless integration of environmental statistics with safety goal violation assessment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If only electrical and electronic faults are considered, then functional safety analysis is straightforward, but environmental influences are excluded

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveanalysis simplicityVSAvoidenvironmental conditions
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the safety analysis into distinct components: traditional electrical/electronic fault analysis through FTA, and environmental condition analysis through BN. This segmentation allows each component to handle its specific domain effectively - FTA manages the straightforward fault propagation logic while BN handles complex environmental statistics. The segmented approach maintains analytical simplicity for fault analysis while systematically incorporating environmental factors that would otherwise be excluded.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP4617800A1Method for determining a probability of a violation of safety goals
Publication Date: 2025.09.17 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP4617800A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4617800A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4617800A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Method for determining a probability of a violation of safety goals of a technical system (21), comprising: - providing a violated safety goal, - deriving a Fault Tree (30) top-down from the violated safety goal to an event corresponding to a component (22) of the technical system (21) causing the violated safety goal, - checking whether the event includes an external influence on the component's performance and/or an electrical and/or electronic fault of the component (22), - in case of one or more electrical and/or electronic faults of a component (22) outputting a propagated probability of respective components or events, - in case of an environmental influence on a component's performance, defining an interface to a Bayesian network (31, 38), - defining and causally connecting nodes of environmental conditions in the Bayesian network (31, 38), - providing quantification input on conditional dependencies into the Bayesian network (31, 38), - providing, by the Bayesian network (31, 38), a quantification on the environmental condition influence on the component's behavior to the interface or to the Fault Tree, - outputting the probability of a violation of a safety goal caused by environmental conditions and/or electrical and/or electronic faults in the technical system (21).