Sagnac Loop Alignment for Entangled Photon Sources

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Solution Overview

Problem

The alignment of a Sagnac loop in entangled photon sources is critical but challenging due to the need for precise spatial overlap of clockwise and counter-clockwise photon beams, which existing methods fail to achieve with sufficient precision.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the initial arrangement of optical components in a Sagnac loop configuration, followed by optimization steps using tip/tilt movements of mirrors and observation of beams through polarizing beam splitters, to ensure spatial overlap and alignment of the photon beams.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional alignment methods are used for the Sagnac loop, then the alignment process can be completed, but the spatial overlap precision of clockwise and counter-clockwise photon beams is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial overlap precisionVSAvoidalignment apparatus complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

A second polarizing beam splitter is introduced as an intermediary device to separate and independently monitor the clockwise and counter-clockwise photon beams. This mediator enables precise observation of beam overlap without disrupting the Sagnac loop's entangled photon generation function, thereby achieving high spatial overlap precision while maintaining manageable system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The alignment system implements feedback by using the second polarizing beam splitter to continuously monitor the spatial overlap of photon beams and providing observable signals that guide the adjustment of mirror positions. This feedback mechanism enables iterative optimization of beam alignment to achieve precise spatial overlap

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Manufacturing precision

If the Sagnac loop is misaligned, then the spatial overlap of photon beams deteriorates, but achieving precise alignment requires complex adjustment procedures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment precisionVSAvoidalignment adjustment ease
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The second polarizing beam splitter serves as an intermediary that provides direct visual feedback on alignment quality. By separating the clockwise and counter-clockwise beams for independent observation, it transforms the complex multi-parameter alignment problem into a simpler visual adjustment task, improving ease of operation while maintaining high alignment precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary alignment by first establishing the Sagnac loop configuration with the polarizing beam splitter and mirrors, then using the second polarizing beam splitter to pre-monitor beam overlap before final optimization. This preliminary action simplifies the subsequent fine-tuning process by providing an initial alignment reference

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method provides a more precise and effective alignment of the Sagnac loop, ensuring optimal spatial overlap of photon beams, which is crucial for the performance of entangled photon sources.

Implementation Method 1

the reflected photon beam is vertically polarized (V) and the transmitted photon beam is horizontally polarized (H)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolarization: Polarisation

Implementation Method 2

the polarizing beam splitter splits a photon beam into two

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBeam splitting: Reflection

Implementation Method 3

two mirrors arranged in a first and second output path of the first polarizing beam splitter, forming a clockwise and counter-clockwise path for the photon beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 4

a nonlinear crystal to produce down converted photons

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectParametric down-conversion:

Data Source

PatentEP3984148B1Alignment of an entangled photon source
Publication Date: 2025.04.23 OESTERRISCHE ACAD DER WISSENSCHAFTEN
  • EP3984148B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3984148B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3984148B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method to provide an aligned Sagnac loop for an entangled photon source comprising the steps of providing: I) first arrangement of optical components in a Sagnac loop configuration, wherein the optical components comprise of - a first light source emitting a polarized photon beam, and - the Sagnac loop, formed by a first polarizing element, preferably a polarizing beam splitter, and two mirrors arranged in a first and second output path of the first polarizing beam element, forming a clockwise and counter-clockwise path for the photon beam behind the first polarizing element, wherein the polarized photon beam of the first light source enters the first polarizing element on a third or fourth output path, II) one or more optimization steps performed by a tip/tilt movement of the two mirrors and an observation of the clockwise and counter-clockwise beams in an output path of a second and/or third polarizing element, preferably a reflection output path, in order to optimize the spatial overlap of the clockwise and counter-clockwise photon beams in the Sagnac loop, wherein the second and/or third polarizing element is arranged in the third and/or fourth output path of the first polarizing element.