Saline-Alkali Soil Treatment Structure with Composite Impermeable Layers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing saline alkali soil treatment methods are inefficient, costly, and slow, with single materials leading to poor anti-seepage effects and high carbon emissions, failing to effectively reduce salt content in the upper plough layer and requiring long treatment periods.
Innovation Solution
A structure for treating saline alkali soil comprising a plough layer, impermeable layers, and a collecting layer with a pipe network and collection pools, using a compound of biochar, sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, and coal ash to form permeable layers, combined with a biological treatment method to collect and remove harmful salts, improve water retention and air permeability, and facilitate resource utilization.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If single material (biochar) is used for impermeable layer, then cost is reduced, but anti-seepage effect is poor and durability is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite material consisting of biochar, sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, and coal ash in specific proportions to create the impermeable layer. This composite formulation combines the advantages of each material: biochar provides porosity and water retention, while bentonite and coal ash provide anti-seepage properties. The composite material achieves both good anti-seepage effect and durability without using a single expensive material.
2Productivity
If traditional treatment methods are used, then salt content is reduced, but treatment period is long and cost is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes salt from the saline alkali soil through a collection system consisting of collection pools and drainage layers. The impermeable layer prevents salt from moving upward from the saline alkali soil layer, while the collection system actively extracts accumulated salt, achieving rapid salt removal and soil improvement within a short treatment period.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary action by first constructing the impermeable layer and collection system before conducting salt extraction. The impermeable layer is prepared in advance to prevent further salt movement, and the collection system is established beforehand to efficiently remove salt, thereby reducing the overall treatment period and improving productivity.
3Reliability
If more biochar is consumed in impermeable layer, then salt separation effect is improved, but cost increases and carbon emission increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces a large amount of biochar with a composite material containing sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, and coal ash. This substitution reduces biochar consumption and associated costs while maintaining or improving the salt separation effect. The composite material leverages the anti-seepage properties of bentonite and the porous structure of coal ash to achieve effective salt separation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the material composition parameters of the impermeable layer by introducing bentonite and coal ash alongside biochar. This parameter change optimizes the balance between salt separation effect, material cost, and environmental impact, achieving effective salt separation with reduced biochar consumption and lower carbon emissions.
4Reliability
If salt extraction system is added, then salt removal effect is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the treatment system into distinct functional layers: the impermeable layer for salt prevention, the collection layer with drainage for salt extraction, and the saline alkali soil layer for treatment. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function efficiently while maintaining overall system simplicity. The collection pools and drainage layers are strategically positioned to maximize salt removal without excessive structural complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method significantly reduces harmful salt content in the soil, improves soil permeability and water retention, and collects salts for resource utilization, achieving a 70-80% reduction in salt content and a 30-45% increase in water retention within two years, while reducing costs by 50% and improving durability.
Implementation Method 1
Salts of the saline alkali soil in the lower layer move upwards continuously due to the capillary phenomenon
Implementation Method 2
a collecting pipe network and collection pools are arranged to collect the salts
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure provides a structure for treating saline alkali soil and a biological treatment method, relating to the technical field of bioremediation for special soil and solving problems of single existing saline alkali soil improvement method, long improvement period, high cost and poor effect due to a single material. In the disclosure, a collecting layer, impermeable layers, and a plough layer are paved upward from a saline alkali soil layer in sequence. The impermeable layers and the collecting layer are made with a biological material, and the plough layer is improved, which reduces the content of harmful salt in the plough layer and improves the water holding capacity and permeability of soil in the plough layer. A collecting pipe network is buried under the plough layer, and collection pools are arranged at points of the pipe network for salt collection, permanently removing harmful salt components in the saline alkali soil.