Salt Composition for Water Density and Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing compositions for increasing water density in sports, leisure, and rehabilitation applications are either corrosive, oxidizing, environmentally harmful, or cause health risks due to high chloride content, and often result in gelation or paste formation, making them unsuitable for direct human contact and movement in water.
Innovation Solution
A composition comprising potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium ascorbate, and sodium benzoate, which are authorized food additives, is used to increase water density without causing harm, with a preferred formulation of 50% potassium citrate, 10% sodium citrate, 30% potassium chloride, and 3% sodium benzoate, ensuring environmental friendliness and safety for human use.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If chloride salts (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride) are added to water to increase density, then density and floatability are improved, but corrosiveness and rust increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by replacing chloride salts with sulfate salts (magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate) and bicarbonate salts (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate). This substitution maintains the density-increasing function while eliminating the corrosiveness associated with chlorides, directly resolving the technical contradiction.
2Quantity of substance
If high concentrations of salts are added to water to increase density, then floatability is improved, but microbial contamination control becomes problematic
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition by using sulfate and bicarbonate salts instead of chlorides. The bicarbonate component specifically addresses microbial control through its alkaline properties and ability to create an unfavorable environment for microorganisms, while maintaining the desired density increase.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If chloride content is reduced to decrease corrosiveness, then rust is reduced, but the ability to increase water density is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent achieves this by substituting chloride salts with sulfate and bicarbonate salts that have different density contributions. The combination of magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and bicarbonate salts provides sufficient density increase while completely avoiding the rust-causing properties of chlorides.
4Quantity of substance
If corrosive compounds (phosphoric acid, aluminum chloride, sulfuric acid) are used to increase liquid density, then density is improved, but safety for human contact is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent fundamentally changes the chemical nature of the composition by using only food-grade sulfate and bicarbonate salts instead of corrosive acids and aluminum compounds. These salts are safe for human contact, non-corrosive, and effectively increase water density, resolving the safety contradiction.
5Quantity of substance
If certain salts and acids are added to increase density, then liquid density is improved, but oxidizing effects increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent eliminates oxidizing compounds by using sulfate and bicarbonate salts that are chemically stable and non-oxidizing. This substitution maintains the density-increasing function while removing the harmful oxidizing effects that would damage equipment and compromise safety.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition effectively increases water density while being non-corrosive, non-oxidizing, and safe for human contact, preventing freezing at low temperatures and reducing microbial growth, thus facilitating easy and comfortable movement in water for sports and rehabilitation.
Implementation Method 1
adding salts to water, in order to achieve a composition similar to that of the Dead Sea
Implementation Method 2
the associated increase of buoyancy and floatability which can be observed
Implementation Method 3
results in a decrease of the freezing point when added to water
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides a chemical composition for increasing density of liquids such as water for sports, bathing, leisure and/or rehabilitation uses, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percentage: - potassium citrate, between 1.2% and 63%; - sodium citrate, between 1.5% and 66%; - potassium chloride, between 2.2% and 97%; - potassium ascorbate, between 5.1% and 94%; - sodium benzoate, between 1.03% and 22%. The components are water-soluble salts, environmentally friendly, which are common food additives, what makes them safety for humans. The composition can be added to water of swimming pools, ponds, tanks, rafts, bathtubs or artificial beaches, where it increases density, increasing floatability and facilitating the practice of sports, swimming, bathing or other leisure activities. It also helps to prevent development of microorganisms or other polluting substances and to diminish freezing point of the water where it has been added.