Salt Flux Oxidation Testing for Superalloy Degradation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for testing the oxidation resistance of superalloys and coating alloys, such as burner rig testing and cyclic oxidation testing, face challenges including temperature control issues, high costs, pollution, and long testing times, which hinder the development of new materials and do not accurately replicate the degradation mechanisms experienced by gas turbine engine components.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the application of a controlled salt flux to the surface of superalloys or coating alloys at high temperatures in a furnace, with periodic weighing to determine oxidation resistance, which simulates the degradation mechanisms of gas turbine engine components and reduces testing time and costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If burner rig testing is used to test oxidation resistance above 1000°C, then the degradation mechanisms are accurately reproduced, but temperature control becomes difficult and operating costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccuracy of degradation mechanism reproductionVSAvoidtemperature control precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a furnace to create a controlled thermal environment that copies the high-temperature oxidation conditions of gas turbine engines without requiring actual engine operation. The furnace reproduces the necessary thermal and chemical environment (oxygen-containing atmosphere at 1000-1500°C) to simulate degradation mechanisms, avoiding the temperature control difficulties of burner rigs while maintaining test validity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces salt deposits as an intermediary substance to mediate between the test specimen and the oxidizing environment. By controlling salt application rates and compositions, the test can reproduce contamination effects on oxidation behavior without requiring complex burner rig setups, thereby achieving accurate degradation mechanism reproduction with simpler temperature control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If burner rig testing is used, then oxidation behavior can be assessed, but operating costs increase and pollution is produced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoxidation behavior assessment capabilityVSAvoidoperating cost and environmental impact
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses inexpensive, easily replaceable salt deposits and standard furnace operations instead of expensive, fuel-intensive burner rig systems. The salt can be applied in controlled amounts and replaced between tests, and the furnace consumes far less energy than maintaining actual engine combustion, thereby reducing both operating costs and environmental impact while maintaining oxidation assessment capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Temperature

If cyclic oxidation testing in air is used, then temperature control improves and costs reduce, but degradation mechanisms are not accurately reproduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature control precisionVSAvoiddegradation mechanism reproduction accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the test environment by introducing controlled salt deposits with specific compositions (e.g., NaCl, Na2SO4, or mixed salts) onto the specimen surface before oxidation exposure. This parameter change transforms simple air oxidation into a more realistic contaminated oxidation environment that reproduces gas turbine engine degradation mechanisms while maintaining the temperature control advantages of furnace testing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Loss of time

If cyclic oxidation testing is used, then testing time reduces, but significant material loss is difficult to achieve

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetesting durationVSAvoidmaterial loss for measurement
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent accelerates oxidation by introducing salt deposits that create localized aggressive chemical environments on the specimen surface. The salts facilitate enhanced oxidation reactions through mechanisms such as salt melt formation and catalytic effects, producing measurable material loss in shorter times while maintaining controlled test conditions, thereby resolving the contradiction between test duration and material loss magnitude

Inventive Principle:
Principle #38Strong oxidants (Accelerated oxidation)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method effectively replicates the degradation mechanisms of superalloys and coating alloys in gas turbine engines, significantly reducing testing time and costs while improving temperature control and environmental impact compared to conventional methods.

Implementation Method 1

placing the superalloy or a coating alloy in a furnace, the furnace being at a predetermined temperature of at least 1000°C and containing an oxygen containing gas, maintaining the superalloy or a coating alloy in the furnace at the predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 2

oxidation is the dominant environmental degradation concern for superalloy components and coating alloys at temperatures above 1000°C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Data Source

PatentEP2937684B1A method of testing the oxidation resistance of an alloy
Publication Date: 2022.12.14 ROLLS ROYCE PLC
  • EP2937684B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2937684B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2937684B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A method of testing the oxidation resistance of an alloy comprises applying a layer of salt on the surface of the alloy (54) and placing the alloy in a furnace (56), the furnace being at a predetermined temperature of at least 1000°C and containing an oxygen containing gas. The alloy is maintained in the furnace (58) at the predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time and then the alloy is removed from the furnace (60) and the alloy is allowed to cool to ambient temperature or other suitable temperature. These steps (54 to 60) are repeated for a number of times to maintain the salt on the surface of the alloy at a level of 0.5 to 30µg cm-2 h-1. The alloy is weighed periodically (52, 64) to determine the oxidation resistance of the alloy. The advantage of the procedure is that the addition of salt reduces the time to test the oxidation resistance of the alloy and the addition of the salt mimics the degradation of the alloy in a real working environment in a gas turbine engine. The alloy may be a superalloy for a gas turbine engine component or a coating alloy for a gas turbine engine component.