Sample Analyzer Precision via Segmented Aliquot Measurement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing sample analyzers face challenges in achieving high precision analysis, especially when measuring substances at low concentrations, due to wide variation in measurement values and limitations in increasing reagent quantities, which affect measurement accuracy and apparatus size.
Innovation Solution
A sample analyzer system that aspirates a sample, prepares multiple measurement samples, and sequentially measures them using dedicated sections for RBC, PLT, and WBC analysis, obtaining analysis results by averaging multiple data points to enhance precision without increasing reagent usage or apparatus size.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a double quantity of sample is used in PLT counting, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases due to requiring double the reagent quantity and larger reagent mixing chamber
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the sample into multiple aliquots and performs separate measurements on each aliquot using the same reagent quantity. Instead of using double the reagent with double the sample, the system segments the sample preparation into multiple identical measurement cycles, each using standard reagent volumes. This maintains measurement precision through multiple data points while avoiding the need for larger reagent mixing chambers and dosage pumps.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention implements periodic measurement cycles where the same measurement process is repeated multiple times with different sample aliquots. Each cycle uses the standard reagent quantity, and the results are averaged to improve precision. This periodic repetition of the measurement process achieves the statistical benefit of multiple measurements without requiring permanent increases in reagent storage or delivery capacity.
2Measurement precision
If reagent quantity is increased five times for extremely low PLT concentration, then measurement precision is improved, but the reagent mixing chamber and dosage pump size must be increased beyond practical limits
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of concentrating all measurement capacity into a single large-scale measurement, the invention segments the measurement into multiple standard-scale measurements. Each measurement uses the standard reagent mixing chamber volume, and five separate measurements are performed by drawing five different sample aliquots. This segmentation allows achieving the statistical precision of five-fold reagent increase while maintaining the original compact chamber size.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention applies partial action by performing multiple measurements with standard reagent quantities rather than one measurement with excessive reagent quantity. The system performs the measurement process repeatedly with appropriate sample volumes, achieving the necessary statistical power without requiring the reagent mixing chamber to be five times larger than normal.
3Measurement precision
If multiple measurements are performed with standard reagent quantity, then measurement precision is improved without increasing apparatus size, but measurement time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements periodic measurement cycles that can be executed sequentially or in parallel. By structuring the multiple measurements as standardized periodic cycles, the system optimizes the timing and flow of operations. The control unit coordinates the timing of multiple aliquot measurements to minimize idle time and maximize throughput, reducing the overall time penalty compared to ad-hoc repeated measurements.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention maintains continuity of useful action by keeping the measurement system engaged in productive operations throughout the multiple measurement process. Sample aliquots are prepared and introduced in continuous sequence, and the system transitions smoothly between measurements without significant idle periods. This continuous operation minimizes the time overhead associated with multiple measurements compared to stopping and starting the measurement process repeatedly.
Data Source
AI summary
A sample analyzer that includes a sample preparing section operative to aspirate a sample from a sample container and a measuring section operative to prepare a plurality of measurement samples from the aspirated sample. A control unit is configured to sequentially measure the plurality of prepared measurement samples, obtain a plurality of measurement data for the respective measurement samples, and obtain an analysis result of a predetermined item of the sample based on the plurality of measurement data.