Enclosed Sample Extraction Device with Dynamic Gas Exhaust
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current sample extraction methods in biochemical laboratories are prone to contamination due to exposure of samples to the air, especially when handling highly pathogenic samples like avian influenza virus and novel coronavirus, and existing closed devices do not achieve fully sealed conditions due to gas generation, necessitating a high-throughput, fully enclosed system for safe and efficient detection.
Innovation Solution
A sample extraction device with multiple chambers on a pedestal, including mixing chambers and a sample extraction chamber, connected by passages with independent valve control, allowing for separate transfer and connection of samples and reagents, and featuring a gas exhaust channel to prevent aerosol contamination and ensure accurate nucleic acid extraction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If individual pipettes are used for manual pipetting, then operation flexibility is maintained, but sample exposure to air increases contamination risk
Solution Approach 1:
The device divides the extraction process into multiple independent chambers (lysis chamber, magnetic separation chamber, washing chamber, elution chamber) arranged in sequence, with each chamber performing a specific function. This segmentation allows fully enclosed automated processing while eliminating the need for manual pipetting operations.
Solution Approach 2:
A fully enclosed automated extraction device serves as an intermediary system between sample input and detection output, completely eliminating direct human contact with samples during the extraction process. The device includes automated liquid transfer mechanisms and magnetic separation systems that perform all operations without human intervention.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If closed sample extraction devices are used, then contamination risk is reduced, but gas generation requires vent pipes or aeration basins that compromise full sealing
Solution Approach 1:
The device extracts and removes gas through a dedicated exhaust channel that is separately controlled from the liquid transfer passages. The exhaust channel includes a valve that can be independently opened to discharge gas while keeping all liquid transfer channels sealed, thus maintaining full sealing integrity for liquid paths while providing gas relief.
Solution Approach 2:
The device employs dynamic valve control to manage different operational states. During liquid transfer, all valves remain closed to maintain sealing. When gas pressure builds up, the exhaust valve is dynamically opened to release gas, then closed again. This dynamic control allows the system to adapt to different operational requirements while maintaining sealing integrity.
3Productivity
If multiple samples are processed sequentially, then contamination is prevented, but detection throughput is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The device processes multiple samples through sequentially arranged chambers, with each sample undergoing complete extraction through all chambers in turn. The segmented chamber design with independent valve control for each chamber allows strict isolation between samples, preventing cross-contamination while enabling continuous processing of multiple samples through the same device.
Solution Approach 2:
The device enables continuous processing of multiple samples through automated sequential operation. While one sample is being processed through the extraction chambers, the system can prepare the next sample or perform cleaning operations, maintaining continuous productive action without compromising the sealed environment or risking cross-contamination between samples.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a sample extraction device, which includes a plurality of chambers arranged on a pedestal. The chamber includes a plurality of first chambers and two mixing chambers. The pedestal is internally provided with a first passage for communicating the two mixing chambers, and a sample extraction chamber is arranged in the first passage. The pedestal is further internally provided with a second passage for transfer and export of a liquid, and connection or disconnection between the two mixing chambers and the second passage is controlled by a valve. Sample extraction processes of the above technical solutions are carried out in a fully enclosed device, avoiding contamination of samples and extraction reagents by external environments, and avoiding environmental contamination caused by aerosols generated during the sample extraction processes. The sample extraction device is particularly suitable for extraction of highly pathogenic samples.