Automated Sample Prep Apparatus for PCR Analysis
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional sample preparation techniques for PCR analysis are labor-intensive, require skilled operatives, and are difficult to perform in field settings, limiting the applications of portable DNA analysis equipment.
Innovation Solution
A sample preparation apparatus with a sieve member and maceration member that facilitates the disruption and extraction of nucleic acids from semi-solid samples using a lysis solution, integrated with a drive mechanism and motor arrangement for automated processing, allowing for efficient preparation and dispensing of samples into a cuvette for PCR analysis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If manual sample preparation techniques are used, then sample preparation can be performed with simple equipment, but the process requires skilled operatives and is labor-intensive
Solution Approach 1:
The preparation apparatus is divided into distinct functional modules: a maceration chamber with rotating blades for tissue disruption, a lysis chamber with chemical treatment zones, and a dispensing mechanism. Each module performs a specific function in the sample preparation sequence, making the overall complex task manageable through modular segmentation.
Solution Approach 2:
The apparatus is designed to perform sample preparation automatically once the sample is loaded. The maceration member rotates automatically, the lysis solution is dispensed automatically, and the prepared sample is transferred automatically to the PCR machine, eliminating the need for continuous manual intervention and skilled operation.
2Adaptability or versatility
If manual sample preparation techniques are used, then equipment can be simple, but the process is difficult to perform in field settings
Solution Approach 1:
The sample preparation apparatus is integrated with the PCR machine into a unified system. The preparation apparatus includes all necessary components (maceration chamber, lysis solution reservoir, dispensing mechanism) combined in a single portable unit that can be directly coupled to the PCR machine, eliminating the need for separate preparation steps and equipment.
Solution Approach 2:
The apparatus is designed to handle multiple sample types (tissue, blood, other biological samples) and performs multiple functions (maceration, lysis, mixing, dispensing) within a single integrated system, making it universally applicable to various field scenarios in medical, veterinary, and agricultural contexts.
3Loss of time
If rapid DNA analysis is performed on-site, then analysis speed is improved, but sample preparation becomes more critical and difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The apparatus performs preliminary sample preparation actions automatically and rapidly: the maceration member immediately disrupts the sample upon loading, the lysis solution is automatically dispensed and mixed, and the prepared sample is quickly transferred to the PCR machine. This preliminary automated processing eliminates time-consuming manual steps and enables rapid on-site analysis.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid and efficient preparation of biological samples for PCR analysis with minimal training, allowing for on-site DNA analysis in medical, veterinary, and agricultural applications, enhancing the usability of portable DNA analysis equipment.
Implementation Method 1
the apparatus includes a maceration member having a portion adapted to extend into an upper part of the recess such that by displacing the maceration member rotationally and downwardly semi-solid sample material is pushed through the sieve member and macerated
Implementation Method 2
The recess may contain a substance effective to disrupt the cells of the sample material and release nucleic acid. The substance may include a lysis solution.
Data Source
AI summary
Apparatus for preparing a biological sample for PCR analysis has an inlet (4) for receiving the sample (15) and a sieve (13) through which the sample is forced by screwing down an inlet cap (16). A lysis solution between two rupturable seals (11 and 12) is effective to disrupt the cells of the sample and release nucleic acid. The apparatus is mounted releasably on a PCR machine (2) having a motor (2′) releasably coupled with a drive mechanism (3, 36,40) in the apparatus to effect a rotary and a vertical up and down movement of its components (30, 31, 32, 42). The apparatus has a transparent cuvette (5) and a needle (71) extending to the lower end of the cuvette, by which the prepared sample is dispensed to the cuvette for PCR analysis.