Satellite Thermal Damper Stabilizes Capillary Loop

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Solution Overview

Problem

Capillary fluid loops used for thermal regulation in equipment face significant temperature and pressure variations due to changes in the thermal environment, leading to detrimental fluctuations in equipment temperature, which existing solutions fail to adequately address without high power consumption, complexity, or stability constraints.

Innovation Solution

A passive thermal regulation device incorporating a sealed variable-volume enclosure, known as a thermal damper, which deforms passively to compensate for volume and fluid distribution changes within the capillary fluid loop, maintaining stable operating points by varying its volume in response to temperature changes, thus reducing pressure and temperature differences.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If a capillary fluid loop is used for thermal regulation, then heat transfer from heat source to heat sink is achieved, but temperature and pressure variations occur due to thermal environment changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveequipment temperatureVSAvoidoperating point stability
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a variable-volume enclosure that dynamically adjusts its volume in response to temperature changes. This dynamic element compensates for fluid volume variations in the capillary loop, maintaining stable operating conditions despite environmental temperature fluctuations. The enclosure's volume changes passively respond to pressure variations, keeping the fluid loop operating point stable.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical parameter of the enclosure volume to compensate for temperature-induced variations in the fluid loop. By allowing the enclosure volume to vary with temperature, the system maintains constant pressure and operating conditions in the capillary fluid loop, effectively decoupling the operating point from environmental temperature changes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Stability of the object's composition

If active thermal regulation systems are used, then temperature stability is improved, but power consumption and system complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature stabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The variable-volume enclosure operates passively without requiring external power or active control. It automatically adjusts its volume in response to pressure changes caused by temperature variations, providing self-regulating thermal compensation. This eliminates the need for powered actuators, sensors, or control systems while maintaining temperature stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces active mechanical or electronic thermal control systems with a passive mechanical compensation mechanism. The enclosure's elastic or deformable structure provides automatic volume adjustment without motors, pumps, or electronic controls, significantly reducing power consumption and system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Adaptability or versatility

If the fluid loop operates in varying thermal environments, then adaptability is improved, but pressure and temperature fluctuations increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal environment adaptabilityVSAvoidpressure variation
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The variable-volume enclosure dynamically adapts its volume to compensate for thermal environment changes. As temperature varies, the enclosure expands or contracts to maintain constant fluid pressure in the loop, allowing the system to adapt to different thermal conditions without experiencing pressure fluctuations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The thermal damper effectively stabilizes the operating point of the capillary fluid loop, reducing temperature and pressure variations, and preventing equipment undercooling, while avoiding the limitations of active systems and phase change materials, such as high power consumption and operational constraints.

Implementation Method 1

a sealed variable volume enclosure (71) having a volumetric stiffness adapted so that the sealed variable volume enclosure deforms passively within a given operating range of the capillary fluid loop according to the variation in volume and distribution of the fluid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Implementation Method 2

The evaporator contains a liquid reservoir and a capillary structure that pumps the liquid heat transfer fluid to a vaporization zone by capillary action

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 3

the liquid/vapor phase change as the means of energy transport

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase change: Phase Change

Data Source

PatentEP2802834B1Cooling device suitable for regulating the temperature of a heat source of a satellite, and method for producing the associated cooling device and satellite
Publication Date: 2020.03.11 AIRBUS DEFENCE & SPACE SAS
  • EP2802834B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2802834B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2802834B1 patent drawingFigure 5a~6

AI summary

The invention essentially relates to a cooling device (30) suitable for regulating the temperature of a heat source of a satellite, comprising at least one fluid loop (35) formed by: - an evaporator (40) comprising a tank, - at least one condenser (45), - two conduits connecting the evaporator (40) to the condenser (45), - a heat transfer fluid flowing inside the fluid loop (35), characterised in that it further comprises a device for pressurising the fluid loop, called a hydraulic damper, comprising a variable volume device, said variable volume device having a volume which varies on the basis of the operating temperature of the fluid loop (35) in such a way as to provide a substantially constant temperature inside the fluid loop (35).