Spinal Cord Stimulation Electrode Placement Using EMG Feedback
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for spinal cord stimulation electrode placement rely on qualitative patient feedback and fluoroscopy, leading to sub-optimal positioning and potential complications due to a lack of accurate information regarding electrode location relative to neural tissue.
Innovation Solution
A system and method utilizing electromyography (EMG) data to provide near-real-time, quantitative feedback for precise electrode placement, incorporating a computing device with sensors and a stimulation device to analyze electrical activity and generate visual representations for optimal electrode positioning.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If qualitative patient feedback and fluoroscopy are used for electrode placement, then the procedure can be performed with existing equipment and methods, but electrode placement accuracy is insufficient leading to sub-optimal positioning
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements real-time feedback by continuously monitoring electrical activity in target muscles through EMG sensors during the electrode placement procedure. The processor analyzes muscle activation levels and provides immediate information about electrode positioning accuracy, allowing the practitioner to adjust electrode location based on quantitative data rather than relying solely on qualitative patient feedback.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces EMG sensors and electrical activity monitoring as an intermediary between the electrode and the neural tissue. This intermediary system objectively measures the electrical response of muscles to electrode stimulation, providing quantitative information about the electrode's proximity to and effectiveness in activating the target neural structures.
2Measurement precision
If quantitative EMG monitoring is implemented, then electrode placement accuracy improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The stimulation device is designed to perform multiple functions: it delivers therapeutic electrical stimulation, monitors EMG signals from target muscles, processes the electrical activity data, and provides real-time feedback about electrode placement. By integrating these functions into a single system, the patent reduces overall device complexity compared to having separate monitoring and stimulation equipment.
Solution Approach 2:
The system automatically processes EMG signals and generates placement feedback without requiring manual analysis by the practitioner. The processor continuously monitors electrical activity, extracts relevant features, and provides automated guidance, reducing the operational burden and complexity of managing the monitoring system.
3Productivity
If real-time EMG feedback is provided, then electrode placement can be optimized, but time for data processing and analysis is required
Solution Approach 1:
The system pre-processes and analyzes EMG signals in real-time during the electrode placement procedure, extracting relevant features and generating placement feedback immediately. This preliminary action eliminates the need for post-procedure analysis and allows the practitioner to make placement adjustments during the procedure itself, improving overall efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The EMG monitoring and data processing occur continuously throughout the electrode placement procedure without interruption. The system maintains constant monitoring of muscle electrical activity and provides ongoing feedback, ensuring that no time is lost between stimulation and analysis, thereby maximizing placement efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances electrode placement accuracy, reduces errors, and enables real-time adjustment, ensuring effective therapeutic outcomes by aligning electrodes with functional midline rather than vertebral midline, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Implementation Method 1
A system and method utilizing electromyography (EMG) data to provide near-real-time, quantitative feedback for precise electrode placement
Implementation Method 2
SCS systems typically include implantable electrodes that are positioned near a location along the spinal cord associated with one or more afflicted regions of the body. The electrodes may be programmed to generate current pulses to block pain signals from reaching the brain
Data Source
AI summary
Systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein facilitate the placement of spinal cord stimulator (SCS) electrode in relationship to neural tissue of the spinal cord based on electromyography (EMG) data. The systems, apparatuses, and methods are designed to assist physicians and surgeons target specific neurophysiological locations through stimulation and subsequent visualization of EMG activity in response to stimulation to more precisely identify the location of the SCS electrodes that will maximize the intended therapeutics effects of SCS.