Sealed Nebulizer Driver Frequency Tracking

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Solution Overview

Problem

Nebulizers with sealed drug reservoirs face challenges in maintaining consistent droplet sizes and dosing due to changing negative bias pressure, which affects the resonant frequency of the nebulizer element, leading to inefficient liquid flow and potential improper drug delivery.

Innovation Solution

A system and method using a driver unit that adjusts the frequency and magnitude of the electrical signal driving the nebulizer element based on measured phase shift and resonant frequency, maintaining a constant phase shift and adjusting voltage to ensure consistent operation and droplet size, even as liquid is drained from the negatively biased reservoir.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a sealed drug reservoir is used to maintain negative bias pressure, then liquid flow is improved and droplet formation is enhanced, but the resonant frequency of the nebulizer element changes as liquid is drained, leading to inconsistent droplet sizes and dosing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveliquid flow rateVSAvoiddroplet size consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The driver unit dynamically adjusts the operating frequency of the nebulizer element in real-time to track the changing resonant frequency as liquid is drained from the sealed reservoir. This dynamic adaptation maintains consistent droplet sizes and dosing despite the evolving system conditions, resolving the contradiction between improved liquid flow and maintained droplet consistency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs feedback mechanisms where the driver unit continuously monitors and responds to changes in the nebulizer element's resonant frequency. By adjusting the driving frequency based on this feedback, the system maintains optimal operation and consistent droplet formation throughout the liquid drainage process, preventing dosing inconsistencies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Device complexity

If the nebulizer element is driven at a fixed frequency, then the driver circuit is simplified, but the resonant frequency shifts as negative bias pressure changes, reducing nebulizer efficiency and liquid flow rates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedriver circuit complexityVSAvoidliquid flow rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The driver unit transitions from a fixed-frequency design to a dynamic frequency-tracking design. Although this increases driver circuit complexity, it maintains the nebulizer element at its optimal resonant frequency throughout operation, ensuring consistent high liquid flow rates and nebulizer efficiency. The dynamic adjustment compensates for resonant frequency shifts caused by changing negative bias pressure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If a sealed reservoir is used to prevent air entry, then negative bias pressure is maintained and droplet formation is improved, but the resonant frequency varies as liquid volume decreases, causing improper drug distribution

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenegative bias pressure maintenanceVSAvoiddrug dosing accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The driver unit incorporates feedback control that monitors resonant frequency changes and adjusts the driving frequency accordingly. This feedback mechanism ensures that despite the sealed reservoir maintaining reliable negative bias pressure, the nebulizer element operates at its current resonant frequency throughout liquid drainage, maintaining consistent droplet sizes and accurate drug dosing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operating parameter (driving frequency) in response to changing system conditions (resonant frequency shifts due to decreasing liquid volume). By continuously adjusting the driving frequency to match the current resonant frequency, the system maintains accurate drug dosing while benefiting from the reliable negative bias pressure provided by the sealed reservoir.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances nebulizer efficiency by maintaining consistent droplet sizes and dosing, ensuring that the nebulizer operates at its resonant frequency, improving liquid flow rates and preventing improper drug distribution within the lungs.

Implementation Method 1

a piezoelectric element to vibrate the plate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

the resonant frequency of the nebulizer element may change... drive the ultrasonic transducer at the resonance frequency

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonance: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP2453864B1Systems and methods for driving sealed nebulizers
Publication Date: 2016.09.14 NEKTAR THERAPEUTICS INC
  • EP2453864B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP2453864B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP2453864B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

Various methods, devices, and systems are described for aerosolizing a liquid. Embodiments may include sealing the liquid within a reservoir. An output waveform signal may be generated. A nebulizer element may be vibrated to aerosolize the liquid. A negative pressure may be produced within the reservoir as the liquid is aerosolized. The output waveform signal may cause the nebulizer element to vibrate. Embodiments may involve determining a phase shift between a current of the output waveform signal and a voltage of the output waveform signal. Also, embodiments may involve adjusting a frequency of the output waveform signal at least partially based on the phase shift. Further, embodiments may involve adjusting the voltage of the output waveform signal at least partially based on the frequency of the output waveform signal.