Search System Using Binary Hashing Signatures for Semantic Relevance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional search systems, such as those based on keyword matching, often fail to return the most relevant search results due to high computational demands and lack of semantic comparison efficiency, leading to slow processing and low or null search results, especially with increasing inventory listings.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of an inventory semantic index partitioned by categories and shards, using binary hashing signatures for search queries and inventory listings, allows for parallel searching and reduces computational load by comparing hamming distances, thereby improving search result relevance and efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional keyword-based search methods are used, then the search system is simple to implement, but the search results lack semantic relevance and return low or null results when queries do not precisely match stored information

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesearch result relevanceVSAvoidsearch system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transforms the search representation from keyword-based matching to vector-based semantic representation. Search queries and inventory listings are converted into vector embeddings that capture semantic meaning, allowing the system to measure similarity through vector distance rather than exact keyword matching. This parameter change enables the system to return relevant results even when queries do not precisely match stored information.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces vector embeddings as an intermediary representation layer between the search query and the inventory database. Instead of directly comparing keywords, the system converts both queries and listings into vector space representations, where semantic relationships are preserved. This intermediary enables semantic search without requiring direct keyword matching, resolving the contradiction between simplicity and relevance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If semantic comparison methods using floating point vectors are used, then search result relevance is improved, but processing time and computational power increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesearch result relevanceVSAvoidsearch processing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential semantic features needed for search by converting detailed inventory listings into compressed vector embeddings. These embeddings capture the core semantic meaning while discarding redundant information. During search, only these extracted vector representations are compared, significantly reducing the computational burden while maintaining search relevance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the computational metric from comparing full floating-point vectors to calculating Hamming distances between binary or reduced-dimensional vector representations. This parameter change in the distance calculation method reduces computational complexity from O(n) floating-point operations to simpler bitwise operations, dramatically decreasing processing time while preserving semantic search capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If semantic comparison methods using floating point vectors are used, then search result relevance is improved, but processing power requirements increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesearch result relevanceVSAvoidprocessing power consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs simplified binary or reduced-dimensional vector representations instead of full-precision floating-point vectors. These simplified representations require less computational resources to process and can be regenerated or approximated efficiently. The use of cheaper, less computationally intensive data structures reduces energy consumption while maintaining adequate search relevance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the vector representation precision from high-precision floating-point to lower-precision binary or reduced-dimensional formats. This parameter change in data representation reduces the computational complexity of distance calculations and memory access patterns, leading to lower processing power requirements and reduced energy consumption during search operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Reliability

If all inventory listings are searched to ensure comprehensive results, then search completeness is improved, but processing time and computational load increase with the ever-increasing number of listings

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesearch completenessVSAvoidsearch processing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the inventory database into multiple partitions or clusters based on semantic similarity. Instead of searching all listings linearly, the system divides the search space into manageable segments and performs parallel searches across these partitions. This segmentation maintains search completeness by covering all segments while improving processing efficiency through parallelization and reduced per-segment computational load.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary organization of inventory listings into semantic clusters or partitions before the actual search operation. This preliminary action groups related items together, allowing the search system to efficiently navigate and query specific segments based on the search query's semantic vector. This pre-organization reduces the computational load during actual search operations while maintaining comprehensive coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentUS20230306047A1Search system for providing search results using query understanding and semantic binary signatures
Publication Date: 2023.09.28 EBAY INC
  • US20230306047A1 patent drawing
  • US20230306047A1 patent drawing
  • US20230306047A1 patent drawing

AI summary

Technology for the improved processing of search queries is provided. In one embodiment, methods may return semantically relevant search results for a search query. During a pre-computing offline processing, an inventory semantic index may be generated and may include inventory binary hashing signatures that are associated with inventory listings, such as goods or services for sell, and the index may be partitioned by categories and shards. When a search query is received, relevant categories are determined using a relevant category recognition service, and a search query binary hashing signature maybe generated for the search query. The relevant categories are searched to determine hamming distances between the inventory binary hashing signatures and the search query binary hashing signature, where the hamming distance indicates semantic relevance.