Secure Multi-Party Random Bit Generation Protocol
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing multi-party random number generation systems are vulnerable to manipulation by dishonest participants, especially when a majority of participants are malicious, as they can contest any result produced by the honest minority, compromising the fairness and security of applications relying on random numbers.
Innovation Solution
A secure multi-party random number generation protocol where participant computers independently generate and encrypt random bits using a public protocol instance key, with the private key stored in secure environments, allowing honest computers to generate assuredly random bits even in the presence of multiple dishonest participants, by utilizing secure environments and broadcasting protocols like Dolev-Strong.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple parties participate in random number generation, then the fairness and trustworthiness of the system is improved, but the system becomes vulnerable to manipulation by dishonest participants who can contest results
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the random number generation process into distinct phases: commitment phase where participants submit encrypted random values, and revelation phase where encryption is removed. This segmentation prevents dishonest participants from manipulating results after seeing others' inputs, as they must commit to their values before the revelation phase begins.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements preliminary actions through the commitment phase, where participants must encrypt and submit their random values before the revelation phase. This preliminary commitment prevents participants from changing their inputs based on others' values, ensuring fairness even when dishonest participants are present.
2Reliability
If a majority of participants are dishonest, then they can contest any result produced by the honest minority, but the protocol should still produce assuredly random bits
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary cryptographic mechanism using public-key encryption and hash functions. Participants encrypt their random values with public keys, and the system uses cryptographic verification to ensure that only valid, committed values are accepted. This intermediary layer prevents dishonest participants from contesting results after commitment, as the cryptographic proof binds them to their submitted values.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If participant computers independently generate and encrypt random bits, then security against manipulation is improved, but the requirement for secure environments and broadcasting protocols increases system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements self-service through public-key cryptography, where each participant generates their own key pair and uses their own public key to encrypt their random value. The system does not require a centralized trusted authority to manage encryption keys or verify submissions. Each participant independently performs encryption and verification, reducing the need for complex centralized secure environments while maintaining security against manipulation.
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and systems for secure multi-party generation of random bits are disclosed. These random bits can be generated securely, even if some parties (i.e., less than a corruption threshold) are dishonest or malicious. Methods and systems can use secure environments in order to securely generate and store cryptographic keys. Using broadcast protocols such as Dolev-Strong, a generator computer can distribute a public protocol instance key to other participant computers. Each participant computer can generate a random bit and encrypted the random bit with the public protocol instance key, and broadcast its encrypted random bit to the other participant computers. Once each participant computer has received the encrypted random bits from all other participant computers, the private protocol instance key can be released to the participant computers, enabling the participant computers to decrypt the encrypted random bits, and calculate an output random bit based on the encrypted random bits.