Security Document Pigment Layout for Uncopyable Color Mixing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing security features in documents, such as banknotes, are becoming increasingly difficult to verify due to advancements in household reproduction technology, leading to a diminishing effectiveness in forgery protection.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a substrate with alternating sub-areas coated in highly light-reflecting pigments of different hues, creating a new color tone through additive mixing of reflected light, which cannot be reproduced by standard printers or copiers, and utilizing a deep black substrate to enhance contrast.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional light-absorbing pigments are used for printing security documents, then the document can be produced with standard printing processes, but the security features become increasingly vulnerable to counterfeiting by household reproduction equipment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveforgery protectionVSAvoidproduction process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the fundamental optical parameter of the pigments from light-absorbing to light-reflecting. This parameter change creates a new security feature that cannot be reproduced by conventional printing processes, as household printers and copiers are designed to work with light-absorbing inks. The light-reflecting property fundamentally alters how the security feature interacts with light, making it invisible to standard reproduction equipment while visible under appropriate illumination conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes color changes through the arrangement of pigments with different reflective hues (first hue and second hue) in alternating sub-areas. The perceived color is not inherent in individual pigments but emerges from the additive mixing of reflected light. This color change phenomenon occurs only when viewing the document under white light, and the color cannot be captured by reproduction equipment, providing a dynamic security feature that adapts to viewing conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

2Reliability

If complex security features like holograms are incorporated into documents, then forgery protection is improved, but the production process becomes more complex and costly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveforgery protectionVSAvoidproduction simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a security feature that can be visually perceived but cannot be copied by standard reproduction equipment. The light-reflecting pigments arranged in alternating sub-areas create an optical effect that household printers and copiers cannot replicate, as these devices use light-absorbing inks. This allows the security feature to function as an anti-copying mechanism while being produced through standard printing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces complex mechanical or optical security features (like holograms requiring specialized production equipment) with a simpler pigment-based system. Instead of using intricate mechanical structures or complex optical components that require specialized manufacturing, the invention uses light-reflecting pigments arranged in a specific pattern that can be produced with conventional printing methods, substituting a simple chemical/optical system for a complex mechanical one.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If light-reflecting pigments are applied in alternating sub-areas to create additive color mixing, then a new unforgeable color tone is produced, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecurity feature uniquenessVSAvoidsub-area arrangement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the document surface into numerous small sub-areas, each coated with a specific light-reflecting pigment. This segmentation allows the security feature to be created through the collective effect of many small elements rather than requiring high precision in individual element placement. The alternating arrangement of first and second sub-areas creates the additive color mixing effect, and the fine segmentation ensures that the overall pattern can be reproduced with standard printing resolution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a novel, easily recognizable, and cost-effective security feature that is difficult to forge, enhancing authenticity verification without technical aids.

Implementation Method 1

at least one first pigment strongly reflecting light in a first hue, and at least one second pigment strongly reflecting light in a second hue

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

When white light falls on the valuable and/or security document, first sub-areas reflect light in a first sub-area hue, and second sub-areas reflect light in a second sub-area hue. The first and second sub-areas are arranged in at least one direction in an alternating manner, at least section by section, so that a viewer experiences a color impression that differs from the color tone of the first and second sub-areas.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdditive color mixing:

Data Source

PatentEP4650184A1Valuable or security document and method for producing same
Publication Date: 2025.11.19 BUNDESDRUCKEREI GMBH
  • EP4650184A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4650184A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4650184A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a security document (3). To increase the security against forgery, the security document (3) comprises a substrate (2), at least one first pigment (103) that is highly light-reflecting in a first hue, and at least one second pigment (203) that is highly light-reflecting in a second hue.A representation surface (1) on the document (3) is divided into a plurality of sub-surfaces (101, 102, 202, 208, 302), wherein first sub-surfaces (101, 102) are provided with the first pigment (103) or a first mixture of strongly light-reflecting pigments (103, 203) and second sub-surfaces (202) are provided with the second pigment (203) or a second mixture of strongly light-reflecting pigments (103, 203), and wherein first sub-surfaces (101, 102) reflect light in a first sub-surface hue and second sub-surfaces (202) reflect light in a second sub-surface hue, and first and second sub-surfaces (101, 102, 202) are arranged in at least one direction (x, y) in an alternating manner, at least section by section, so that a viewer experiences a color impression that differs from the first and second sub-surface hues.