Segmented Ceramic Coating for Airfoil Thermal Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Gas turbine engines face efficiency challenges due to the need for compressor bleed cooling, which penalizes engine performance by relying on pressure differential, making it difficult to achieve lower volume, increased velocity, and higher temperature compressor bleed simultaneously.

Innovation Solution

A geometrically segmented ceramic coating with varying cell volumes and heights is applied to airfoil components, enhancing thermal resistance and reducing the need for compressor bleed cooling by improving temperature resistance capabilities.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If compressor bleed cooling is used to cool airfoil components, then temperature resistance is improved, but engine efficiency deteriorates due to pressure differential requirements and performance penalty

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature resistanceVSAvoidengine efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The coating section is divided into multiple cells with varying volumes arranged in an array pattern. This segmentation allows different regions of the coating to provide different levels of thermal protection, optimizing temperature resistance while minimizing the volume of cooling air required, thereby improving engine efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The coating cells have varying volumes with different heights, creating local variations in thermal protection. Regions with higher cell volumes provide greater thermal resistance where needed, while regions with smaller volumes reduce the overall cooling air requirement, resolving the contradiction between temperature resistance and engine efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Ease of manufacture

If uniform coating thickness is applied to the airfoil, then manufacturing simplicity is improved, but temperature resistance uniformity deteriorates across different operational conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating application simplicityVSAvoidtemperature resistance uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

Rather than applying a uniform thick coating that is difficult to manufacture, the solution segments the coating into an array of cells with varying heights. This segmented approach allows for more manageable manufacturing processes while achieving uniform temperature resistance across different operational conditions through the coordinated variation of cell volumes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The coating structure varies the cell height parameter across the array to optimize temperature resistance. By changing the geometric parameters of the coating cells rather than relying on uniform thickness, the system achieves stable temperature resistance characteristics across varying operational conditions while maintaining manufacturability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Temperature

If ceramic coating is applied to the airfoil wall, then temperature resistance is improved, but stress concentration worsens due to thermal expansion differences between ceramic and metal

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature resistanceVSAvoidstress concentration
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The ceramic coating is segmented into multiple cells with varying volumes rather than applied as a continuous layer. This segmentation creates a more compliant interface between the ceramic and metal substrate, allowing for differential thermal expansion without excessive stress concentration, while still providing effective temperature resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The cellular structure of the coating creates a porous or honeycomb-like architecture that can accommodate thermal expansion differences between the ceramic coating and metal substrate. This porous structure reduces stress concentration by providing compliance and stress distribution pathways, while maintaining the temperature resistance benefits of the ceramic material.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively enhances temperature resistance, reducing the necessity for compressor bleed cooling and thereby improving engine efficiency by maintaining performance across varying temperature conditions.

Implementation Method 1

A geometrically segmented ceramic coating with varying cell volumes and heights is applied to airfoil components, enhancing thermal resistance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Data Source

PatentEP3323984B1Airfoil with geometrically segmented coating section
Publication Date: 2020.10.28 RTX CORP
  • EP3323984B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2B
  • EP3323984B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3323984B1 patent drawingFigure 5A~6

AI summary

An airfoil includes an airfoil body that has a geometrically segmented coating section (270). The geometrically segmented coating section (270) includes a wall having an outer side (72b). The outer side (72b) has an array of cells (274), and there is a coating (80) disposed in the array of cells (274).