Segmented Electrodes for Directional Neural Stimulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current electrical stimulation systems for deep brain stimulation lack precision in directing stimulation current to specific neural targets, as they often rely on ring electrodes that do not allow for directional control, leading to non-specific tissue stimulation and potential side effects.
Innovation Solution
The use of segmented electrodes on the electrical stimulation lead, which allows for radial current steering and precise targeting of neural elements by varying the location and configuration of electrodes along the lead, enabling three-dimensional current steering and more precise delivery of stimulation to specific areas.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If ring electrodes are used for electrical stimulation, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the precision of directing stimulation current to specific neural targets deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the ring electrode into multiple segmented electrodes arranged radially around the lead. This segmentation allows independent control of each electrode segment, enabling precise directional steering of stimulation current toward specific neural targets while maintaining the overall circular configuration for ease of manufacture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a two-dimensional ring electrode to a three-dimensional segmented electrode array that radiates outward. This dimensional change enables current to be steered in multiple directions (azimuthal and radial control) while maintaining the simple ring-based manufacturing approach.
2Manufacturing precision
If segmented electrodes are used for radial current steering, then the precision of targeting neural elements improves, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode is divided into multiple independently controllable segments arranged radially. This segmentation provides precise directional control of stimulation current while using a modular design that manages complexity through standardized repeating units.
Solution Approach 2:
The segmented electrode design serves multiple functions: it provides radial current steering capability, enables three-dimensional targeting, and maintains compatibility with standard lead manufacturing processes. The same segmented structure handles both current delivery and directional control functions.
3Device complexity
If conventional electrical stimulation systems are used, then the device structure is simple, but the precision of stimulating specific neural tissues deteriorates leading to side effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs segmented electrodes that can be independently activated to steer current precisely toward specific neural targets. This segmentation allows selective stimulation of intended tissues while avoiding adjacent structures, reducing side effects despite increased device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
Different segments of the electrode can be activated with different amplitudes and patterns to create localized stimulation fields. This local quality control enables precise targeting of specific neural pathways while leaving other areas unaffected, improving therapeutic specificity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the precision of electrical stimulation, allowing for more effective targeting of neural tissues while minimizing stimulation of other tissues, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing side effects.
Implementation Method 1
electrical stimulus current can be delivered through selected electrodes on the lead to stimulate target neurons in the brain
Implementation Method 2
The stimulus current projects from the electrodes. Using segmented electrodes can provide directionality to the stimulus current and permit a clinician to steer the current to a desired direction and stimulation field
Data Source
AI summary
Method and systems for determining a set of stimulation parameters for an implantable stimulation device include receiving a set of stimulation parameters including at least one electrode for delivery of stimulation and a stimulation amplitude for each electrode; determining, using the set of stimulation parameters, an axial stimulation field for neural elements oriented axially with respect to a longitudinal axis of the lead; and outputting the first axial stimulation field for viewing by a user; receiving, by the computer processor. The methods and systems can be used to model other neural elements oriented non-orthogonally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lead and determine a non-orthogonal stimulation field.