Segmented Flame Arrester for Hydrogen Flashback Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Hydrogen combustion in heating devices poses challenges due to higher flame temperatures, faster flame speeds, and increased flashback risks, which can lead to premature damage and reduced service life of flame arresters, requiring effective solutions for flashback protection and maintenance.

Innovation Solution

A burner arrangement with a captive device comprising a perforated plate and a flame arrester, designed to withstand hydrogen combustion, featuring a form-fitting or material bond connection to prevent separation during storage and operation, and a modular design for easy retrofitting and maintenance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the flame arrester is made thicker to prevent flashbacks, then flashback protection is improved, but pressure losses increase and performance decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflashback protectionVSAvoidpressure loss
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The flame arrester is divided into multiple segments or zones with varying thickness. The upstream side has greater thickness for flashback protection, while the downstream side has reduced thickness to minimize pressure losses. This segmentation allows the device to optimize both flashback prevention and pressure drop characteristics simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the flame arrester have different structural properties. The upstream region features a thicker design with specific pore structure for effective flashback arrest, while the downstream region has a thinner design to reduce pressure losses. This local quality variation resolves the contradiction between protection effectiveness and energy efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Loss of energy

If the flame arrester is made thinner to reduce pressure losses, then performance is improved, but flashback protection effectiveness decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure lossVSAvoidflashback protection
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The flame arrester is divided into multiple segments or zones with varying thickness. The upstream side has greater thickness for flashback protection, while the downstream side has reduced thickness to minimize pressure losses. This segmentation allows the device to optimize both flashback prevention and pressure drop characteristics simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the flame arrester have different structural properties. The upstream region features a thicker design with specific pore structure for effective flashback arrest, while the downstream region has a thinner design to reduce pressure losses. This local quality variation resolves the contradiction between protection effectiveness and energy efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Ease of repair

If the burner assembly and flame arrester are kept separate for maintenance, then ease of replacement is improved, but the flame arrester can be forgotten or lost during maintenance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereplacement easeVSAvoidflashback prevention reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of repairVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The burner assembly and flame arrester are combined into a single integrated burner module. This ensures that both components are always replaced together as a unit, eliminating the risk of forgetting or losing the flame arrester during maintenance while maintaining ease of replacement through modular design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The integrated burner module serves multiple functions: it acts as both a burner assembly and a flame arrester unit, and also functions as a loss protection device. This multi-functionality ensures comprehensive safety while simplifying maintenance procedures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Reliability

If the flame arrester is oversized for safety, then flashback protection is improved, but the heater requires a more powerful fan to compensate for pressure losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflashback protectionVSAvoidfan power requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The flame arrester is segmented with varying thickness across different regions. The upstream portion provides adequate flashback protection while the downstream portion is optimized to minimize pressure losses, reducing the fan power requirements compared to a uniformly oversized design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The flame arrester features local quality variation where the upstream region has greater thickness for safety while the downstream region has reduced thickness. This optimizes the balance between flashback protection and pressure drop, avoiding the need for excessively powerful fans.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances flashback protection, extends the service life of flame arresters, and ensures safe operation by preventing damage from flashback events, while allowing for adaptation to changing heat requirements and easy integration into existing heaters.

Implementation Method 1

the flame at the flame arrester oxidizes the material, and the mass of the flame arrester could decrease over time

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

the flame arrester can be integrated into the burner arrangement as a barrier... to prevent (unwantedly large) damage to the components of the heater due to the explosion associated with the flame recoil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFlame quenching:

Data Source

PatentEP4428437A1Device with burner arrangement and flame barrier and burner module
Publication Date: 2024.09.11 VAILLANT GMBH(DE)
  • EP4428437A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4428437A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4428437A1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

Device comprising at least a burner arrangement (1) for a gas burner (2) of a heating appliance (3) with a perforated plate (4) and a flame arrestor (5) arranged partially spaced apart from the perforated plate (4), characterized in that the burner arrangement (1) and the flame arrestor (5) together form a loss-prevention device (6).