3D τ-p Seismic Deconvolution for Directional Wavelet Correction
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Solution Overview
Problem
The directional effect of far-field wavelets in marine seismic data processing is excessively prominent, making it difficult to characterize and extract wavelets with directional information, and unable to eliminate this effect effectively.
Innovation Solution
A data-driven direction signal deconvolution method involving forward Fourier transform, three-dimensional τ-p transform, time difference correction, and inverse Fourier transform to project seismic data onto a bin grid, followed by direction matching and inverse τ-p transform to correct seismic data, using a direction matching operator to eliminate directional effects.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If air-gun array combination is used to enhance excitation energy, then the energy of excitation seismic source is improved, but the directional effect of far-field wavelets becomes prominent
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the seismic data processing into multiple domains (time-space domain, frequency-space domain, frequency-slowness domain) and processes different directional components separately. By dividing the wavefield into various propagation directions and processing each independently, the method eliminates the harmful directional effects while preserving the beneficial energy enhancement from air-gun arrays.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms data between different domains (time to frequency, space to slowness) and applies domain-specific processing parameters. By changing the representation parameters of seismic data and applying direction-dependent processing in the frequency-slowness domain, the method effectively removes directional effects while maintaining excitation energy.
2Device complexity
If traditional one-dimensional signal deconvolution is used, then processing is simple, but it cannot eliminate the directional effect of far-field wavelets
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extends traditional 1D deconvolution to 3D by incorporating spatial and angular dimensions. It processes seismic data in the frequency-slowness domain, adding directional information as an additional dimension. This multi-dimensional approach enables effective elimination of directional effects while maintaining computational efficiency through domain transformations.
3Measurement precision
If marine OBN acquisition technology is used to provide comprehensive data, then data quality for seismic imaging is improved, but the directional effect becomes more prominent
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces the frequency-slowness domain as an intermediary representation between the time-space domain and the final image domain. This intermediate domain separates directional information from amplitude information, allowing selective processing to eliminate directional effects while preserving the high-quality data characteristics provided by marine OBN acquisition.
4Device complexity
If directional effect is not eliminated, then wavelet horizontal consistency deteriorates, but data processing remains simple
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary processing in the frequency-slowness domain before final image reconstruction. By eliminating directional effects and achieving wavelet consistency in this intermediate domain, the method ensures that subsequent processing steps work with consistent wavelets, improving overall processing efficiency and image quality without requiring complex post-processing.
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention belongs to the technical field of seismic data processing. Provided are a data-driven direction signal deconvolution method and apparatus, and a readable storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring a pre-stack seismic trace gather and a preset desired wavelet; performing forward Fourier transform, three-dimensional τ - p transform, and inverse Fourier transform on the pre-stack seismic gather, so as to obtain first seismic data; performing time difference correction on the first seismic data, so as to obtain second seismic data; projecting each of the first seismic data and the second seismic data onto a preset bin grid, and forming first directional seismic data and second directional seismic data; obtaining a direction matching operator on the basis of the first directional seismic data and the preset desired wavelet; and using the direction matching operator to correct the second directional seismic data, and performing inverse three-dimensional τ - p transform on corrected data, so as to obtain final seismic trace gather data. The present invention has the advantages of achieving high calculation precision and efficiency, greatly reducing the occupancy rate of a memory and the calculation cost, and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.