Frequency Decomposition for Seismic Multiple Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Seismic data interpretation is hindered by multiples, which obscure primary reflections and are difficult to distinguish from them, leading to challenges in horizon picking and reservoir characterization.
Innovation Solution
The approach involves decomposing seismic data into mono-frequency sub-volumes to identify and reduce the effect of multiples by utilizing the frequency difference between multiples and primaries, allowing for the determination of a single frequency that gives rise to continuity along primary reflectors affected by multiples.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If seismic data is processed to generate a seismic data volume, then information about subsurface reflectors is obtained, but multiples obscure primaries and reduce interpretation accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the seismic data volume into multiple frequency-based sub-volumes. By decomposing the full bandwidth data into separate frequency components, the method isolates multiples from primaries based on their different frequency characteristics, allowing for targeted processing and removal of multiples while preserving primary reflections.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the frequency parameter by creating mono-frequency sub-volumes from the full bandwidth seismic data. This parameter transformation allows the identification and removal of multiples in specific frequency ranges while preserving primaries in other frequency ranges, thereby improving interpretation accuracy.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If multiples are removed from seismic data, then primary reflections become clearer, but primary information may be detrimentally affected
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies different processing qualities to different frequency components. By identifying which frequency sub-volumes contain multiples and which contain primaries, the method selectively removes multiples only from the affected frequency ranges while leaving primary reflections in other frequency ranges untouched, thus avoiding information loss.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the harmful effect of multiples into a beneficial processing strategy by using frequency decomposition. The presence of multiples at specific frequencies actually helps identify which frequency sub-volumes need processing, transforming the problem into a solution where frequency-based segmentation enables targeted multiple removal without affecting primaries.
3Measurement precision
If frequency decomposition is applied to identify multiples, then multiple reduction accuracy improves, but processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the complex task of multiple identification into simpler frequency-based sub-volumes. Instead of attempting to identify multiples in the full bandwidth data at once, the method divides the problem into manageable frequency components, making the identification and processing less complex while maintaining high accuracy.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: decomposing the seismic data into a plurality of sub-volumes, each sub-volume associated with a respective one of the plurality of frequency components; identifying a portion of the seismic data that includes one or more multiples, the multiples being seismic data associated with multiply reflected seismic energy; identifying, based on the plurality of sub-volumes, the one or more multiples within the portion of the seismic data; and determining, from the plurality of frequency components, a single frequency that gives rise to a predetermined continuity along a primary reflector affected by the one or more multiples.